Bringing Unions Back In: Labour and Left Governments in Latin America

In the 2000s an unprecedented wave of left-party victories in presidential elections swept across Latin America. Although scholars have studied variation among left regimes and how these regimes differ from neoliberal-era predecessors, few have addressed the role of labour unions and labour policy under the Left. We argue that ‘bringing unions back in’ to the analysis of left governments’ performance sharpens distinctions with neoliberal governments and unsettles existing typologies. We review the labour policies of left governments in four countries—Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina—to show how a labour lens enriches our understanding of left governments in the region

Unlocking water markets: an experimental approach

water market, experiments, resource economies, Marketing, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Friendship, love, and marriage and their relationship to my ceramic art

Call number: LD2668 .R4 ART 1989 C66Master of ArtsAr

Probable Cause To Arrest

Probable cause to arrest is an exceedingly difficult concept to objectify.\u27 The traditional definition was stated in Beck v. Ohio as follows: [W]hether at that moment the facts and circumstances within their knowledge and of which they had reasonably trustworthy information were sufficient to warrant a prudent man in believing that the petitioner had committed or was committing an offense. Judicial opinions frequently manifest empathy with the policeman\u27s plight in attempting to apply this vague standard. While the standard does not mean that the arresting officer must have evidence that would satisfy a fact finder of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, probable cause is clearly more than mere suspicion. \u27 It is axiomatic that probable cause can never be established by the fruits of illegal search, and the good faith of the officer can add nothing to facts that otherwise do not reach the level of probable cause. Nevertheless, police, by virtue of their experience and expertise, may be able to identify certain activities as indicative of criminal behavior that might not appear so to a judge or layman. The viewpoint of an experienced officer, therefore, may be taken into account in determining the presence of probable cause

Fundamental water and ion transport characterization of sulfonated polysulfone desalination materials

textSulfonated polysulfones BisAS and BPS were fabricated into dense polymer films, and their water and ion transport properties were systematically characterized. Fundamental NaCl and water transport properties were correlated with polymer chemistry, and water and NaCl permeability were found to increase with degree of sulfonation due to the increasing polymer water content. The BisAS backbone structure was found to result in greater water uptake, increasing water and salt permeability, though the polysulfones show evidence of sensitivity to the thermal casting process as well. Additionally, water and ion permeability and sorption values were determined for select polymers when exposed to a feed consisting of mixtures of monovalent and divalent cation salts. The divalent cations were found to sorb into the polymer much more favorably than the monovalent sodium, similarly to charged materials found in the literature. The sodium permeability of sulfonated polysulfones was found to increase in the presence of divalent cations by ratios of 2 to 5 times more than when exposed to an equivalent increase in feed charge concentration of monovalent cations. It has been hypothesized the more strongly charged divalent cations are neutralizing the sulfonate charges and suppressing Donnan exclusionary effects that reduce salt transport in charged polymers.Chemical Engineerin