On the principal series of potassium

We revisit the photoabsorption from the ground state of K through the first ionization limit, and provide recommended values for the optical oscillator strengths. The anomaly in the oscillator strength ratio within each doublet is also revisited and compared with both the experimental data available and the relativistic calculations available.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2211.0783

Revisiting the anomalous rf field penetration into a warm plasma

Radio frequency waves do not penetrate into a plasma and are damped within it. The electric field of the wave and plasma current are concentrated near the plasma boundary in a skin layer. Electrons can transport the plasma current away from the skin layer due to their thermal motion. As a result, the width of the skin layer increases when electron temperature effects are taken into account. This phenomenon is called anomalous skin effect. The anomalous penetration of the rf electric field occurs not only for transversely propagating to the plasma boundary wave (inductively coupled plasmas) but also for the wave propagating along the plasma boundary (capacitively coupled plasmas). Such anomalous penetration of the rf field modifies the structure of the capacitive sheath. Recent advances in the nonlinear, nonlocal theory of the capacitive sheath are reported. It is shown that separating the electric field profile into exponential and non-exponential parts yields an efficient qualitative and quantitative description of the anomalous skin effect in both inductively and capacitively coupled plasma.Comment: 44 pages, invited paper at "Nonlocal, Collisionless Phenomena in Plasma" worksho

Landau Damping and Anomalous Skin Effect in Low-pressure Gas Discharges: Self-consistent Treatment of Collisionless Heating

In low-pressure discharges, where the electron mean free path is larger or comparable with the discharge length, the electron dynamics is essentially nonlocal. Moreover, the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) deviates considerably from a Maxwellian. Therefore, an accurate kinetic description of the low-pressure discharges requires knowledge of the nonlocal conductivity operator and calculation of the non-Maxwellian EEDF. The previous treatments made use of simplifying assumptions: a uniform density profile and a Maxwellian EEDF. In the present study a self-consistent system of equations for the kinetic description of nonlocal, nonuniform, nearly collisionless plasmas of low-pressure discharges is reported. It consists of the nonlocal conductivity operator and the averaged kinetic equation for calculation of the non-Maxwellian EEDF. This system was applied to the calculation of collisionless heating in capacitively and inductively coupled plasmas. In particular, the importance of accounting for the nonuniform plasma density profile for computing the current density profile and the EEDF is demonstrated. The enhancement of collisionless heating due to the bounce resonance between the electron motion in the potential well and the external radio-frequency electric field is investigated. It is shown that a nonlinear and self-consistent treatment is necessary for the correct description of collisionless heating

Landau damping and anomalous skin effect in low-pressure gas discharges: Self-consistent treatment of collisionless heating

In low-pressure discharges, where the electron mean free path is larger or comparable with the discharge length, the electron dynamics is essentially nonlocal. Moreover, the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) deviates considerably from a Maxwellian. Therefore, an accurate kinetic description of the low-pressure discharges requires knowledge of the nonlocal conductivity operator and calculation of the non-Maxwellian EEDF. The previous treatments made use of simplifying assumptions: a uniform density profile and a Maxwellian EEDF. In the present study a self-consistent system of equations for the kinetic description of nonlocal, nonuniform, nearly collisionless plasmas of low-pressure discharges is reported. It consists of the nonlocal conductivity operator and the averaged kinetic equation for calculation of the non-Maxwellian EEDF. This system was applied to the calculation of collisionless heating in capacitively and inductively coupled plasmas. In particular, the importance of accounting for the nonuniform plasma density profile for computing the current density profile and the EEDF is demonstrated. The enhancement of collisionless heating due to the bounce resonance between the electron motion in the potential well and the external radio-frequency electric field is investigated. It is shown that a nonlinear and self-consistent treatment is necessary for the correct description of collisionless heating

Photoionization of the 4\u3ci\u3ed\u3c/i\u3e\u3csup\u3e10\u3c/sup\u3e subshell of cadmium: Photoelectron angular distributions and polarization of fluorescence radiation

Relativistic Dirac-Fock calculations are presented for the photoelectron angular distribution asymmetry parameter β corresponding to 4d-subshell photoionization in Cd and for the linear polarization PL of the subsequent fluorescence radiation, for photon energies less than 185 eV. Near threshold, our results for β lie lower than previous relativistic Dirac-Slater and nonrelativistic many-body-perturbation-theory (MBPT) calculations. The agreement with very recent measurements by Heinzmann and Schönhense is very good. Our calculations show that PL (2D5/2→2P3/2)=-0.059 and -0.058 at incident photon energies hν=40.2 and 45.6 eV, respectively. These results lie above the nonrelativistic independent-electron theory absolute maximum of -0.061 for PL, but the agreement with recent measurements lying above this maximum is still not very good. Except for this peaking of PL (2D5/2→2P3/2) above the nonrelativistic theory maximum for 40.2≤hν≤45.6 eV, our results at other energies are in general agreement with the nonrelativistic MBPT calculations of Carter and Kelly. We also find that PL (2D3/2→2P3/2)=+ 0.134 at hν=21.2 eV, in excellent agreement with the experimental value of + 0.12±0.04 of Caldwell and Zare

Opportunism as the Inhibiting Trigger for Developing Long-Term-Oriented Western Exporter-Hong Kong Importer Relationships

Notwithstanding the extensive literature on opportunism in buyer–seller relationships, scant empirical attention has been given to this issue in both international and Chinese contexts. Using a sample of 202 Hong Kong Chinese importers, this article highlights the harmful effect of Western exporters' opportunism on importers' long-term orientation through the intervening role of key behavioral constructs. The study confirms almost all hypothesized associations between the constructs examined, indicating that an exporter's opportunistic behavior reduces trust and generates conflict. In turn, low trust reduces commitment, and conflict impedes communication. Low levels of both commitment and communication reduce importers' satisfaction, which inhibits their long-term orientation. The importer's proactive initiation of the relationship moderates the link between opportunism and trust but not that of opportunism with conflict. The study also confirms the moderating role of importer dependence and exporters' marketing adaptation on the association of satisfaction with long-term orientation. The authors find moderating effects on this association through the Chinese constructs of renqing and mianzi, albeit in the opposite direction to that hypothesized