The Christian conscience and war: A statement

https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism/1233/thumbnail.jp

Total solar irradiance as measured by the SOVAP radiometer onboard PICARD

International audienceFrom the SOlar VAriability PICARD (SOVAP) space-based radiometer, we obtained a new time series of the total solar irradiance (TSI) during Solar Cycle 24. Based on SOVAP data, we obtained that the TSI input at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere at a distance of one astronomical unit from the Sun is 1361.8 ± 2.4 W m-2 (1σ) representative of the 2008 solar minimum period. From 2010 to 2014, the amplitude of the changes has been of the order of ± 0.1%, corresponding to a range of about 2.7 W m-2. To determine the TSI from SOVAP, we present here an improved instrument equation. A parameter was integrated from a theoretical analysis that highlighted the thermo-electrical non-equivalence of the radiometric cavity. From this approach, we obtained values that are lower than those previously provided with the same type of instrument. The results in this paper supersede the previous SOVAP analysis and provide the best SOVAP-based TSI-value estimate and its temporal variation

Evolution of the Total Solar Irradiance during the Rising Phase of Solar Cycle 24

International audienceTo determine the total solar irradiance (TSI) from SOlar VAriability Picard (SOVAP) weestablished a new instrumental equation. A new parameter was integrated from a theoretical analysis that highlighted the thermo-electrical non-equivalence of the radiometric cavity. From this new approach, we obtained values that are lower than those previously provided with the same type of instruments. Based on SOVAP data, we obtained that the TSI input at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere at a distance of one astronomical unit from the Sun is 1362.1 Wm−2. In this talk, we describe the method, and then present results about TSI variations during the rising phase of solar cycle (from 2010 to 2014) and linkages between measurements and other solar parameters (solar radius and magnetic field). We are also going to talk about the implications of the harsh space environment on TSI measurements and how it is difficult to obtain absolute level of the TSI with a high degree of accuracy

SOVAP/Picard, a spaceborne radiometer to measure the Total Solar Irradiance

International audienceThe Picard spacecraft was successfully launched on June 15, 2010, into a Sun synchronous orbit. The mission represents one of the European contributions to solar observations and Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) measurements. The payload is composed of a Solar Diameter Imager and Surface Mapper (SODISM) and two radiometers: SOlar VAriability Picard (SOVAP) and PREcision MOnitor Sensor (PREMOS). SOVAP, a dual side-by-side cavity radiometer, measures the total solar irradiance (TSI). It is the sixth of a series of differential absolute radiometer type instruments developed and operated in space by the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium. The measurements of SOVAP in the summer of 2010, yielded a TSI value of 1362.1 W.m−2 with an uncertainty of ±2.4W.m−2 (k=1). During the periods of November 2010 and January 2013, the amplitude of the changes in TSI has been of the order of 0.18%, corresponding to a range of about 2.4W.m−2

FGFR3 mutations in seborrheic keratoses are already present in flat lesions and associated with age and localization

Somatic activating fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGFR3) mutations in human skin can cause seborrheic keratoses, one of the most frequent skin tumors in man. However, details of the involved mechanisms remain elusive. We analyzed 65 acanthotic seborrheic keratoses with varying vertical diameters for FGFR3 mutations using a SNaPshot multiplex assay. Immunohistochemistry was performed for Ki-67, bcl-2 and FGFR3 protein in all seborrheic keratoses and 19 normal skin samples. FGFR3 mutations were detected in 37 of 65 seborrheic keratoses (57%). These mutations were found both in flat (initial) and thick seborrheic keratoses. FGFR3 mutations were significantly associated with increased age and localization on the head and neck (P<0.01). Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in seborrheic keratoses than in normal epidermis independent of the FGFR3 status (P<0.001). Furthermore, FGFR3 mutations were associated with an increased expression of bcl-2 and FGFR3 protein (P<0.05). Our results indicate that FGFR3 mutations can occur early in the pathogenesis of at least a subset of seborrheic keratoses. Increased age appears to be a risk factor for these mutations. The preferential occurrence of FGFR3 mutations in seborrheic keratoses of the head and neck suggests a causative role for cumulative lifetime ultraviolet light exposure