Intellectual Property Rights and South-North Global Innovation Networks

This paper explores the role of IPR protection in the emergence of R&D linkages from newly emerging economies. Using data from a new survey on Chinese and Indian firms in the ICT sector, we find IPR protection to be key in the engagement of Southern firms in global innovation networks. A complementary exercise uses global bilateral patent data to investigate the location-specificity of IPR enforcement for this phenomenon. We find that a stringent IPR regime in the North (South) discourages (encourage) foreign patenting activities of firms in the South, suggesting that a global convergence of IPRs can stimulate Southern innovation.

Intellectual Property Rights and South-North Formation of Global Innovation Networks

With the rise of the knowledge economy, delivering sound innovation policies requires a thorough understanding of how knowledge is produced and diffused. This paper takes a step to analyze a new form of globalization, the so-called system of Global Innovation Networks (GINs), to shed light on how the protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) influences their creation and development. We focus on the role of IPR protection in fostering international innovative activities in emerging economies (South), such as China and India, and more generally, how IPRs affect the development of GINs between newly industrialized countries and OECD countries. Using both survey-based firm-level and country-level global data, we find IPRs to be an important determinant of participation in GINS from a Southern perspective. We find IPR protection at home and its harmonization across county pairs foster South-North formation of GINs. We also find that a stringent regime in the destination country discourages foreign international innovative activities that originate in NICs. Both levels of our analysis confirm the ICT industry, particularly the hardware segment, to rely on IPRs when engaging in the international outsourcing and offshoring of innovation or in patenting activities abroad.Gravity Model, Information Communication Technology, Innovation, Intellectual Property Rights, International collaborations, Networks

Intellectual Property Rights and South-North Formation of Global Innovation Networks

With the rise of the knowledge economy; delivering sound innovation policies requires a thorough understanding of how knowledge is produced and diffused. This paper takes a step to analyze a new form of globalization; the so-called system of Global Innovation Networks (GINs); to shed light on how the protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) influences their creation and development. We focus on the role of IPR protection in fostering international innovative activities in emerging economies (South); such as China and India; and more generally; how IPRs affect the development of GINs between newly industrialized countries and OECD countries. Using both survey-based firm-level and country-level global data; we find IPRs to be an important determinant of participation in GINS from a Southern perspective. We find IPR protection at home and its harmonization across county pairs foster South-North formation of GINs. We also find that a stringent regime in the destination country discourages foreign international innovative activities that originate in NICs. Both levels of our analysis confirm the ICT industry; particularly the hardware segment; to rely on IPRs when engaging in the international outsourcing and offshoring of innovation or in patenting activities abroad.Gravity Model; Information Communication Technology; Innovation; Intellectual Property Rights; International collaborations; Networks

Spatial Interdependence of Brazilian Exports: Impacts on Regional Labor Markets

This paper analyzes the interdependence among Brazilian states associated with employment generation by the export sector. Using a unique database — an interstate input-output table for 1996 — employment multipliers are calculated for six different skill groups. Multiplier decomposition techniques are also used in order to reveal intrastate and interstate patterns of dependence. The analysis of the regional impacts of state exports on employment suggests a concentration of skilled labor content in the states in the Southeastern and Southern regions. More developed states benefit to a great extent from Brazilian exports, responding directly and indirectly to the demand for skilled workers.

Intellectual property rights and south-north formation of global innovation networks

With the rise of the knowledge economy, delivering sound innovation policies requires a thorough understanding of how knowledge is produced and diffused. This paper takes a step to analyze a new form of globalization, the so-called system of Global Innovation Networks (GINs), to shed light on how the protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) influences their creation and development. We focus on the role of IPR protection in fostering international innovative activities in emerging economies (South), such as China and India, and more generally, how IPRs affect the development of GINs between newly industrialized countries and OECD countries. Using both survey-based firm-level and country-level global data, we find IPRs to be an important determinant of participation in GINS from a Southern perspective. We find IPR protection at home and its harmonization across county pairs foster South-North formation of GINs. We also find that a stringent regime in the destination country discourages foreign international innovative activities that originate in NICs. Both levels of our analysis confirm the ICT industry, particularly the hardware segment, to rely on IPRs when engaging in the international outsourcing and offshoring of innovation or in patenting activities abroad

Intellectual Property Rights and South-North Global Innovation Networks

This paper explores the role of IPR protection in the emergence of R&D linkages from newly emerging economies. Using data from a new survey on Chinese and Indian firms in the ICT sector, we find IPR protection to be key in the engagement of Southern firms in global innovation networks. A complementary exercise uses global bilateral patent data to investigate the location-specificity of IPR enforcement for this phenomenon. We find that a stringent IPR regime in the North (South) discourages (encourage) foreign patenting activities of firms in the South, suggesting that a global convergence of IPRs can stimulate Southern innovation

Optical coherence tomography angiography in myopic peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation complicated by choroidal neovascularization

Purpose: To detect the vessel density (VD) of the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) in eyes affected by pathological myopia with or without a peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation (PICC) and in eyes with PICC complicated by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: We prospectively enrolled highly myopic patients from January 2016 to December 2019 at the Eye Clinic of the University of Naples “Federico II.” We divided included patients into three groups: group 1 including patients with PICC complicated by CNV; group 2 including patients with PICC without complications; group 3 including patients with high myopia without PICC and CNV. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis was used to evaluate differences in VD of radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) in papillary whole, peripapillary regions and its sectors among the three groups. Results: We enrolled 12 highly myopic eyes with PICC complicated by CNV, 21 highly myopic eyes with PICC without CNV and 23 highly myopic eyes without PICC. The myopic eyes with PICC revealed a statistically significant reduction in VD of the RPC comparing to the other groups (p < 0.001), especially in eyes affected by myopic PICC complicated by CNV (p < 0.001). These results were similar analyzing the VD in different sectors of the peripapillary region among the three groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: OCTA detects the changes in peripapillary vascular density of highly myopic eyes. We demonstrated that the RPC vasculature is significantly influenced by the presence of PICC, especially in myopic eyes developing a CNV

La comunicazione della responsabilità sociale: un’indagine esplorativa della comunicazione non finanziaria delle imprese quotate sul mercato italiano in seguito all’introduzione del D. Lgs. 254 del 2016.

La ricerca si propone di analizzare la comunicazione delle informazioni di carattere non finanziario delle imprese quotate sul mercato italiano, alla luce dei recenti cambiamenti normativi introdotti dal D.LGS. 254/2016

Turismo e meio ambiente na Amazônia: perspectivas econômicas do turismo ecológico

A região da Amazônia, no Brasil, experimentou, nas últimas décadas, uma grande transformação como resultado da intervenção pública e privada. O selor de turismo que já contribuiu de maneira decisiva para o crescimento da região, pode desempenhar, no futuro, um papel ainda mais importante, principalmente se a opção pelo turismo ecológico for incentivada. O impacto direto desta atividade, segundo estimativas realizadas tomando-se como base o ano de 1991, atinge cifras na faixa de 100 a 150 milhões de dólares/ano, dependendo da hipótese que se adota quanto à motivação do turismo doméstico. Este é apenas o impacto direto para o turismo referente à cidade de Manaus. É preciso contabilizar, ainda, a parte concernente às demais regiões da Amazônia, além dos outros efeitos multiplicadores que se verificam no resto da economia. Constata-se, portanto, que a exploração do turismo ecológico representa uma excelente alternativa para o desenvolvimento da região amazônica, oportunidade esta que deve ser explorada de maneira adequada para não agredir o frágil ecossistema da região.During the last decades the Amazon region has experienced a great change as a result of public and private actions. The tourism, which has strongly contributed for the region growth, can, in the near future, play a role even more important, mainly if the enormous potential at the "ecological tourism" is deeply exploited. The direct impact of this activity is actually valuated in 100 to 150 million dollars-year (year-basis:1991). This represents only the direct impact in Manaus: One must add to this total the impacts in all Amazon region and the other values resulting from the indirect effects in the rest of the economy. These values are related to the sectorial multiplier of tourism activity. ln this way, the "ecological tourism" represents an excellent option for the development of Amazon region, an opportunity that has to be appropriately exploited in order to protect the environment