輸出による産業部門相互リンケージの形成 : インドネシアとタイのケースを比較して

1. はじめに　2. 輸出比率と所得水準　3. 産業部門間のリンケージ　4. 長期的な産業構造の変化　5. むすびにかえて

Efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan vs. enalapril at lower than target doses in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the PARADIGM-HF trial.

AimsIn this analysis, we utilized data from PARADIGM-HF to test the hypothesis that participants who exhibited any dose reduction during the trial would have similar benefits from lower doses of sacubitril/valsartan relative to lower doses of enalapril.Methods and resultsIn a post-hoc analysis from PARADIGM-HF, we characterized patients by whether they received the maximal dose (200 mg sacubitril/valsartan or 10 mg enalapril twice daily) throughout the trial or had any dose reduction to lower doses (100/50/0 mg sacubitril/valsartan or 5/2.5/0 mg enalapril twice daily). The treatment effect for the primary outcome was estimated, stratified by dose level using time-updated Cox regression models. In the two treatment arms, participants with a dose reduction (43% of those randomized to enalapril and 42% of those randomized to sacubitril/valsartan) had similar baseline characteristics and similar baseline predictors of the need for dose reduction. In a time-updated analysis, any dose reduction was associated with a higher subsequent risk of the primary event [hazard ratio (HR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-2.7]. However, the treatment benefit of sacubitril/valsartan over enalapril following a dose reduction was similar (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70-0.93, P < 0.001) to that observed in patients who had not experienced any dose reduction (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.88, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn PARADIGM-HF, study medication dose reduction identified patients at higher risk of a major cardiovascular event. The magnitude of benefit for patients on lower doses of sacubitril/valsartan relative to those on lower doses of enalapril was similar to that of patients who remained on target doses of both drugs

株式会社設計思想に関する主要概念 : 主要経営機関の日米比較

はじめに 1.株式会社経営の基本機能とその分担 1.1三つの基本機能 1.2取締役会・取締役の担う機能　2.株主と会社との関係 2.1法人観と組織観 2.2日本の株式会社における関係観 2.3米国の株式会社における関係観 3.会社と取締役・director との関係 3.1両者の関係を規定する基本概念 3.2日本の株式会社における関係と義務 3.3米国の株式会社における関係と義務 3.4取締役・director の負う基本的義務の内容 4.コーポレート・ガバナンスの基礎的構造比較 4.1日米の共通点 4.2日米の相違点 おわり

生体インピーダンス法と二重エネルギーX線吸収法による体組成測定値の比較

同一被験者の体組成を生体インピーダンス法（BIA法）と二重エネルギーX線吸収法（DXA法）で測定し，四肢，体幹部および全身について体脂肪率，体脂肪量，推定筋肉量，重量を求めた。全身の体脂肪率，体脂肪量，重量（体重）の平均値は比較的近い値が得られた。二つの測定法の測定値は有意な相関があったが，四肢に比べて体幹部，全身で高い相関が認められた。体幹部や全身のように測定対象範囲が広い場合にはBIA法は体組成測定に有用な方法であることがわかった。We measured body component indexes of the same participants using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass and weight were obtained for upper and lower extremities, trunk and whole body. Mean values of body fat percentage, fat mass and weight for whole body obtained by using two methods were in comparatively close agreement. Measured values of BIA and DXA correlated significantly for all regions. Values of the correlation coefficient for trunk and whole body were higher than those of extremities. BIA is a useful method for broad regions such as trunk or whole body.資料Data Report

An additional bolus of rapid-acting insulin to normalise postprandial cardiovascular risk factors following a high-carbohydrate high-fat meal in patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial.

AIM: To evaluate an additional rapid-acting insulin bolus on postprandial lipaemia, inflammation and pro-coagulation following high-carbohydrate high-fat feeding in people with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 10 males with type 1 diabetes [HbA1c 52.5 ± 5.9 mmol/mol (7.0% ± 0.5%)] underwent three conditions: (1) a low-fat (LF) meal with normal bolus insulin, (2), a high-fat (HF) meal with normal bolus insulin and (3) a high-fat meal with normal bolus insulin with an additional 30% insulin bolus administered 3-h post-meal (HFA). Meals had identical carbohydrate and protein content and bolus insulin dose determined by carbohydrate-counting. Blood was sampled periodically for 6-h post-meal and analysed for triglyceride, non-esterified-fatty acids, apolipoprotein B48, glucagon, tumour necrosis factor alpha, fibrinogen, human tissue factor activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Continuous glucose monitoring captured interstitial glucose responses. RESULTS: Triglyceride concentrations following LF remained similar to baseline, whereas triglyceride levels following HF were significantly greater throughout the 6-h observation period. The additional insulin bolus (HFA) normalised triglyceride similarly to low fat 3-6 h following the meal. HF was associated with late postprandial elevations in tumour necrosis factor alpha, whereas LF and HFA was not. Fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tissue factor pathway levels were similar between conditions. CONCLUSION: Additional bolus insulin 3 h following a high-carbohydrate high-fat meal prevents late rises in postprandial triglycerides and tumour necrosis factor alpha, thus improving cardiovascular risk profile

Dark matter in supersymmetric models with axino LSP in Randall-Sundrum II brane model

The axino dark matter hypothesis in RSII brane model is studied. Within the framework of CMSSM we assume that the lightest neutralino or stau is the NLSP, and that the axino production has a single contribution from the NLSP decay. It is found that the axino can play the role of dark matter in the universe and we determine what the axino mass should be for different values of the five-dimensional Planck mass. An upper bound is obtained for the latterComment: 12 pages,3 figures, accepted in JHE

自動車産業における内示生産システムの運用─部品サプライヤーからの聞き取り調査等による比較─

自動車産業は組立産業であり，多数のサプライヤーから調達する多数の原材料，部品を加工・組立し，完成車を作る。完成車メーカーは1次サプライヤーへ発注し，2次サプライヤーは3次サプライヤーへ発注するなど大規模かつ多段のサプライチェーンを形成している。その取引システムは，完成車メーカーより事前に「内示」と呼ばれる確定注文情報の参考値が提示され，最終的に確定注文（納入指示）が提示される方式（以下，内示生産システムという）である。これにより，完成車メーカーは多種の製品に必要な部品を短いリードタイムで供給を受け，完成品を顧客に届けることができ，また部品サプライヤーは比較的早くから材料手配，部品調達，製造準備を行うことができるメリットがある。国内の多くの完成車メーカーは内示生産システムを採用している。自動車産業以外にも内示情報を活用している企業は多い。内示生産システムについては，従来から，完成車メーカーの販売・生産計画との関連や完成車メーカーの視点からの内示の作り方や提示の仕方の研究はあるが，完成車メーカーから内示の提示を受けるサプライヤーの視点やそれらを含むサプライチェーンの視点から，その運用について述べたものは少ない。そこで，本論文は，完成車メーカーへ機械加工部品を供給する名古屋地区に本社のあるサプライヤーと完成車メーカーへ機械加工部品を供給する広島地区のサプライヤーに聞き取り調査等を行い，両者における内示の種類（長期，短期等），内示の提示頻度，提示タイミング，提示期間とそのメッシュ（月別，日別等のデータの細かさ），内示と実績の変化，確定注文（納入指示）の提示タイミング等を比較し，それぞれの内示生産システムの運用の違いを明らかにするものである。内示生産システムは固有かつ不変なものではなく，完成車メーカー系列のサプライチェーンにより必要に応じて見直しされるべきものである。内示生産システムの一層の効率化に向けて運用特性の理解を深めておくことは重要である

Light Higgs boson discovery from fermion mixing

We evaluate the LHC discovery potential for a light Higgs boson in t tbar H (-> l nu b bbar b bbar jj) production, within the Standard Model and if a new Q=2/3 quark singlet T with a moderate mass exists. In the latter case, T pair production with decays T Tbar -> W+ b H tbar / H t W- bbar -> W+ b W- bbar H provides an important additional source of Higgs bosons giving the same experimental signature, and other decay modes T Tbar -> H t H tbar -> W+ b W- bbar H H, T Tbar -> Z t H tbar / H t Z tbar -> W+ b W- bbar H Z further enhance this signal. Both analyses are carried out with particle-level simulations of signals and backgrounds, including t tbar plus n=0...5 jets which constitute the main background by far. Our estimate for SM Higgs discovery in t tbar H production, 0.4 sigma significance for M_H = 115 GeV and an integrated luminosity of 30 fb^-1, is similar to the most recent ones by CMS which also include the full t tbar nj background. We show that, if a quark singlet with a mass m_T = 500 GeV exists, the luminosity required for Higgs discovery in this final state is reduced by more than two orders of magnitude, and 5 sigma significance can be achieved already with 8 fb^-1. This new Higgs signal will not be seen unless we look for it: with this aim, a new specific final state reconstruction method is presented. Finally, we consider the sensitivity to search for Q=2/3 singlets. The combination of these three decay modes allows to discover a 500 GeV quark with 7 fb^-1 of luminosity.Comment: LaTeX, 37 pages, 57 PS figures. Many improvements in the analysis. Final version to appear in JHE