The Third Mission of the university: A systematic literature review on potentials and constraints

In recent years, there has been increasing pressure on Universities to shift from focusing primarily on teaching and performing research, and to add an equivocal Third Mission (TM), labelled \u201ca contribution to society\u201d. Unprecedented challenges have been redesigning the missions of Universities, which are often perceived as being at a crossroads. The TM is a multidisciplinary, complex, evolving phenomenon linked to the social and economic mission of Universities in a broad sense. Existing studies mainly focus on Universities in accomplishing their traditional missions, or they offer a narrow perspective of the TM. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic literature review has been performed on the TM to comprehensively explore its heterogeneous functions, constraints, clashes and incorporation within education and research. This paper presents a systematic review of the state of knowledge and develops a novel framework for the enactment of the TM. The paper reveals the potential and the constraints of the recurring themes of the TM, focusing especially on the engagement of non-academic stakeholders. It also suggests, to scholars and policymakers, a selection of measures through which some of the challenges might be faced. The paper offers both a descriptive and a thematic analysis, through examination of 134 peer-reviewed articles which were published between 2004 and May 2019

Blockchain, data protection and P2P energy trading. A review on legal and economic challenges

Blockchain technology (BCT) enables the automated execution of smart contracts in peerto-peer (P2P) energy trading. BCT-based P2P platforms allow the sharing, exchange and trade of energy among consumers or prosumers as peers, fostering the decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization of the energy industry. On the other hand, BCT-based P2P energy trading relies on the collection, storage and processing of a large amount of user data, posing interdisciplinary challenges, including user anonymity, privacy, the governance of BCT systems and the role of energy market players. First, this paper seeks to review the state of the art of European data protection law and regulations by focusing on BCT compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of 2018. Second, it explores both the potentials and the challenges of BCT-based P2P energy trading from a legal–economic perspective. To do so, the paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach which intertwines both law and economics, by reviewing the recent literature on BCT and P2P energy trading. Findings have revealed that the deployment of BCT-based P2P energy trading is still in its pilot stage because of technology immaturity, data protection uncertainty, incomplete disintermediation and the lack of both user awareness and collaboration among market players. Drawing on the review, the paper also proposes a selection of solutions to foster the implementation of BCT-based P2P energy trading

Fostering Cross-Sector Collaboration to Promote Innovation in the Water Sector

Ongoing global climate change, growing population and the intensification of economic activities, increase pressure on water resources, a situation many see as a water governance crisis. Water-related issues are becoming a limiting factor for sustainable economic growth and require a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach, to foster innovative solutions. This paper provides an evidence-based contribution to understanding Triple Helix Model (THM) relations and the path to innovation policy in the water sector. The analysis focuses on the interaction between university\u2013industry\u2013government, with specific reference to the Murcia region in Southeast Spain. This region combines a chronic shortage of water and a leading role for agriculture. Starting from the experience of a researcher, working for the General Water Council of the Murcia Region, this paper is based on both desk research and in-depth personal interviews with representatives of THM actors. In addition, a questionnaire was forwarded to all those companies in charge of providing water services in the Murcia region. The study has found that stakeholders are not fully cooperative in seeking innovation. The main challenges are the renewal of water-related facilities and the improvement of remote control systems, denitrification and desalination technologies and achieving better energy efficiency. To this aim, THM approach is suggested as a source of local innovation policies, identifying a series of tools to foster a collaborative approach

LA CNA E L'ARTIGIANATO MACERATESE. APPUNTI DI STORIE

Questo lavoro nasce dalla volont\ue0 della CNA - Associazione Territoriale di Macerata - di realizzare un approfondimento, accessibile a tutti, sull'evoluzione dell\u2019artigianato e della CNA nella Provincia di Macerata, in collaborazione con l\u2019Universit\ue0 degli Studi di Macerata. Senza pretesa di esaustivit\ue0, l\u2019obiettivo \ue8 quello di non disperdere le esperienze e le storie delle persone che hanno contribuito a plasmare l\u2019identit\ue0 dell\u2019Associazione dal secondo dopoguerra alla fine degli anni Novanta del secolo scorso. Dal punto di vista metodologico la ricerca \ue8 basata su articoli scientifici pubblicati su riviste nazionali e internazionali, monografie scientifiche, rapporti realizzati da istituti di ricerca e articoli tratti dalla stampa periodica. Inoltre, tra novembre 2019 e maggio 2020 sono state realizzate numerose interviste con artigiani, imprenditori, funzionari, dirigenti ed ex collaboratori della CNA Macerata, cio\ue8 coloro che hanno contribuito alla crescita dell\u2019Associazione. E\u2019 stata poi svolta una ricerca, raccolta e selezione di documenti d\u2019archivio e materiali fotografici che completano i contenuti dei testi e delle interviste. Lo studio \ue8 suddiviso in quattro capitoli che analizzano la storia della CNA Macerata dal secondo dopoguerra alla fine degli anni Novanta. Ogni capitolo illustra brevemente il quadro economico e sociale di riferimento. Viene poi proposta una selezione di temi che sono stati al centro del dibattito dell\u2019Associazione. Vengono inoltre presentati contenuti e aneddoti tratti dalle interviste svolte con alcuni degli attori chiave della storia della CNA Macerata. Il primo capitolo descrive le origini democratiche della CNA dal secondo dopoguerra agli anni Sessanta. Vengono illustrate le prime iniziative sindacali sul territorio, gli effetti della legge quadro del 1956 sull'artigianato e l\u2019importanza della formazione professionale per il comparto artigiano. Il secondo capitolo analizza lo sviluppo dell\u2019artigianato durante gli anni Settanta. Sono descritte le azioni intraprese dalla CNA Macerata per rispondere alle esigenze di un artigianato e una societ\ue0 che cambiano. In questo periodo emerge l\u2019importanza dei servizi di credito e inizia ad affermarsi la strategia di decentramento delle sedi dell\u2019Associazione. Il terzo capitolo presenta la rapida espansione dei servizi erogati alle imprese artigiane dalla CNA a partire dagli anni Ottanta. A fronte di un contesto internazionale sempre pi\uf9 dinamico, si configura un nuovo rapporto tra associati e rappresentanti dell\u2019organizzazione. All'attivit\ue0 sindacale si affiancano servizi di consulenza, ricerca, internazionalizzazione e misure a sostegno di settori strategici come quello calzaturiero. Il quarto capitolo analizza gli anni Novanta che sono caratterizzati da una profonda trasformazione politica che investe l\u2019attivit\ue0 sindacale, la riforma delle pensioni, lo sviluppo dei servizi informatici e il ruolo crescente dei giovani e delle donne nella direzione delle imprese artigiane. Il quarto capitolo propone poi alcune riflessioni sul devastante sisma del 1997. Una tragedia indelebile nelle vite di molte comunit\ue0 marchigiane ed umbre che sono state supportate anche dalle associazioni del territorio, come la CNA Macerata

La Cina \ue8 vicina: industrie culturali e creative, un nuovo settore prioritario

La Cina sta sviluppando una societ\ue0 basata sui servizi e su un\u2019industria high value-added: un passaggio fondamentale per affermare l\u2019immagine di un Paese capace di offrire un modello in parte alternativo a quelli occidentali. Negli ultimi tre decenni sono stati edificati in media 100 nuovi musei, 386 nel 2011. Nel 2013 il China\u2019s National Bureau of Statistics ha dichiarato che il prodotto delle ICC \ue8 cresciuto di 60 volte in soli 10 anni, passando al 3.84% del PIL nazionale. Favorendo l\u2019assorbimento della cultura dall\u2019estero, esplorando il mercato internazionale delle ICC, innovando la cultura con il \u201cgo out\u201d, la Cina rafforza il soft power e la propria influenza a livello globale. Le linee tracciate dal XII Piano Quinquennale vengono riprese, senza soluzione di continuit\ue0, dal XIII Piano Quinquennale che mira ad arricchire l\u2019offerta di prodotti e servizi culturali e innalzaare il grado di apertura culturale verso l\u2019estero. Gli artisti, che oltre 60 anni fa Mao Zedong aveva definito \u201cingegneri dell\u2019anima\u201d sono chiamati a contribuire alla diffusione del soft power all\u2019estero ed aumentare l\u2019influenza politico-culturale cinese, specialmente nelle aree in via di sviluppo del pianeta come Africa e Sud Americ

Living Labs and user engagement for innovation and sustainability

This exploratory study, investigating the role of Living Labs (LLs) in promoting innovation and sustainability, has two main goals. Firstly, it seeks to understand how stakeholders and users, in a Quadruple Helix Model, can participate in LL activities and support the process of achieving a more sustainable society. Secondly, it guides the setting up of LLs with the aim of directly contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). Research, based on a multiple case study, has shown that LLs are able to actively engage users, including firms and business systems, in promoting co-creation of value so as to benefit the economy, society and the environment. We have selected some good practices and derived some policy implications that could inspire LLs to promote innovation and encourage transition towards sustainable development at the local level, within the context of a QHM model

Uncovering the potential of blockchain in the agri-food supply chain. An interdisciplinary case study

This paper explores how Blockchain technology (BCT) can be integrated in the agri-food supply chain (ASC) and how BCT-based networks are formed. To do this, the paper describes a BCT solution, designed to enhance traceability, and analyses its adoption in two small firms. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach and the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), the findings have revealed that BCT improves how data is collected and has changed how firms interact with stakeholders and customers. Firms have enhanced their reputations and started targeting new domestic and international markets. Technical and economic challenges were found when persuading actors to participate in the BCT-based network

L\u2019efficacia del contratto di rete nel settore agroalimentare Italiano: una rassegna normativa e della letteratura

Lo Small Business Act (SBA) del 2008 ha formalizzato la decisione dell'Unione Europea di promuovere e sostenere lo sviluppo delle piccole e medie imprese (PMI) nel contesto Think Small First. Allo scopo di attuare le suddette linee guida, il Legislatore italiano ha introdotto il contratto di rete con L. 9 aprile 2009, n. 33 e, a partire dal 2012, tale contratto puo essere concluso anche nel settore agroalimentare. La presente ricerca ha carattere esplorativo e, attraverso una rassegna normativa e di letteratura, si propone di individuare i vantaggi connessi a questa nuova tipologia contrattuale e i drivers per l'ecace implementazione del network. L'analisi e condotta alla luce dell'ecosistema agroalimentare italiano e delle peculiarita delle PMI, al ne di vericare se il contratto di rete possa ampliare gli orizzonti degli imprenditori oppure sia destinato a divenire il duplicato di altre forme di collaborazione

Green innovation ecosystem and water performance in the food service industry: The effects of environmental management controls and digitalization

Based on the theory of innovation ecosystems (IEs) and the literature on environmental management controls (EMCs), this study examines the effects of green innovation ecosystems (GIEs), EMCs, and digitalization on the water performance of firms in the food service industry (FSI). In this context, the moderating role of technology sensing/response (TSR) is explored. Surveying 245 managers in large Brazilian restaurants, the hypotheses are tested through partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that the GIE positively influences digitalization and the use of both diagnostic and interactive EMCs. Additionally, the results demonstrate not only that interactive EMCs improve water performance but also that a high level of TSR increases the impact of diagnostic EMCs on water performance. This study therefore advances the literature by illustrating how cooperation between FSI firms and multiagents provides competences and resources that facilitate the implementation of digital tools and EMCs to achieve sustainability outcomes

COVID-19 Vaccination Responses with Different Vaccine Platforms in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity

Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in Argentina were encouraged to receive licensed Sputnik, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, Moderna, and Pfizer vaccines, even though most of the data of humoral and cellular responses combination on available vaccines comes from trials conducted in healthy individuals. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the different vaccines in IEI patients in Argentina. The study cohort included adults and pediatric IEI patients (n = 118) and age-matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 37). B cell response was evaluated by measuring IgG anti-spike/receptor binding domain (S/RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid(N) antibodies by ELISA. Neutralization antibodies were also assessed with an alpha-S protein-expressing pseudo-virus assay. The T cell response was analyzed by IFN-γ secretion on S- or N-stimulated PBMC by ELISPOT and the frequency of S-specific circulating T follicular-helper cells (TFH) was evaluated by flow cytometry. No moderate/severe vaccine-associated adverse events were observed. Anti-S/RBD titers showed significant differences in both pediatric and adult IEI patients versus the age-matched HC cohort (p < 0.05). Neutralizing antibodies were also significantly lower in the patient cohort than in age-matched HC (p < 0.01). Positive S-specific IFN-γ response was observed in 84.5% of IEI patients and 82.1% presented S-specific TFH cells. Moderna vaccines, which were mainly administered in the pediatric population, elicited a stronger humoral response in IEI patients, both in antibody titer and neutralization capacity, but the cellular immune response was similar between vaccine platforms. No difference in humoral response was observed between vaccinated patients with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccines showed safety in IEI patients and, although immunogenicity was lower than HC, they showed specific anti-S/RBD IgG, neutralizing antibody titers, and T cell-dependent cellular immunity with IFN-γ secreting cells. These findings may guide the recommendation for a vaccination with all the available vaccines in IEI patients to prevent COVID-19 disease.Fil: Erra, Lorenzo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Uriarte, Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Hospital Interzonal Especializado Materno Infantil Don Victorio Tetamanti (hiemi Victorio Tetamanti) ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires;Fil: Colado, Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Paolini, María Virginia. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos Durand; ArgentinaFil: Seminario, Gisela. No especifíca;Fil: Fernández, Julieta Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Tau, Lorena. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Bernatowiez, Juliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Moreira, Ileana. No especifíca;Fil: Vishnopolska, Sebastián Alexis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Rumbo, Martín. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud Pública; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cassarino, María Chiara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Vijoditz, Gustavo. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas; ArgentinaFil: López, Ana Laura. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos Durand; ArgentinaFil: Curciarello, Renata. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Diego. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Hospital Interzonal Especializado Materno Infantil Don Victorio Tetamanti (hiemi Victorio Tetamanti) ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires;Fil: Rizzo, Gaston Pascual. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud Pública; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra Compagnucci, Malena María. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra Mufarregue, Leila Romina. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Badano, Maria Noel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Millán, María Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Baré, Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Ibañez, Lorena Itatí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Pozner, Roberto Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Borge, Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Docena, Guillermo H.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud Pública; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bezrodnik, Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Almejún, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin