Exploration of the role of androgens and adipokines in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrine disorder in women being characterized by reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. Our hypothesis is that overproduction of ovarian androgens during early development is a key factor in the development of PCOS. The objective of the work in this thesis was to explore, using both an animal model of PCOS and human ovarian tissue, the role of androgens in the development of the ovarian abnormalities in PCOS and how these relate to disorders in fat metabolism. The expression of the key steroidogenic enzymes in androgen biosynthesis was determined in histological sections of polycystic and normal ovaries. Results supported the concept of intrinsic up-regulation of P450c17 enzyme in theca cells. In ovaries from ewes exposed prenatally to excess androgen, a similar disruption of P450c17 was observed along with increased androgen receptor expression and increased granulosa cell proliferation in preantral follicles. The interaction of adipokines and ovarian function was studied using both human ovarian tissue and bovine theca cells in culture. A significant decrease in the expression of the protein for adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 was detected in theca cells from polycystic ovaries in comparison with ovaries from normal women. In bovine theca cells, the administration of adiponectin, but not other adipokines (leptin, visfatin, resistin) resulted in a decrease in androstenedione production, accompanied by significant reduction of gene expression of key steroidogenic enzymes. In addition, the knockdown of genes for ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 was associated with higher rates of androstenedione secretion by theca cells. In summary, these results support the hypothesis that dysregulation of ovarian follicle development and androgen production can be induced by prenatal androgenisation. The results also provide evidence of a link between fat cell metabolism and steroidogenesis which is important in understanding the development of metabolic abnormalities in PCOS

Neoplasia superficial de bexiga

Os autores revisam os principais aspectos sobre história natural, estadiamento e diagnóstico do câncer de bexiga, relacionando os meios terapêuticos, adjuvantes e profiláticos mais utilizados.The authors review the main topics concerning incidence, etiology, natural history, stadging and diagnosis of superficial bladder cancer, including the most useful adjuvant, profilatic and therapeutic methods of treatment

VITAMIN D IS ASSOCIATED WITH A LOW QUALITY OF LIFE: A PRIMARY CARE STUDY

Introduction: Some studies have described impairment in quality of life of vitamin-deficient subjects. However, little is known about this association in primary care. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and quality of life in postmenopausal women attending primary care in the municipality of Santa Maria - Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with postmenopausal women over 55 years of age, accompanied in primary care, from March to August 2014. These women were randomly selected among the participants of a cohort study in the municipality of Santa Maria - Brazil. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire, quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured using the ALPCO® ELISA method. Results: Of the total of 78 studied women, 11.54% had vitamin D deficiency. Women with vitamin D deficiency had a poorer quality of life assessed by SF-36. In the regression analysis, both vitamin D deficiency and falls were independently associated with a lower physical component of the SF-36. Conclusion:  Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poorer quality of life in the studied postmenopausal women

Efeitos do ACO isolado ou associado a antiandrogênios sobre a melhora do hirsutismo e perfil endócrino-metabólico em pacientes hirsutas

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Resposta do GH ao teste de estimulação com clonidina em pacientes com a síndrome dos ovários policísticos

Resumo não disponível

Resposta do GH ao teste de estimulação com clonidina em pacientes com a síndrome dos ovários policísticos

Resumo não disponível

Exploration of the role of androgens and adipokines in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrine disorder in women being characterized by reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. Our hypothesis is that overproduction of ovarian androgens during early development is a key factor in the development of PCOS. The objective of the work in this thesis was to explore, using both an animal model of PCOS and human ovarian tissue, the role of androgens in the development of the ovarian abnormalities in PCOS and how these relate to disorders in fat metabolism. The expression of the key steroidogenic enzymes in androgen biosynthesis was determined in histological sections of polycystic and normal ovaries. Results supported the concept of intrinsic up-regulation of P450c17 enzyme in theca cells. In ovaries from ewes exposed prenatally to excess androgen, a similar disruption of P450c17 was observed along with increased androgen receptor expression and increased granulosa cell proliferation in preantral follicles. The interaction of adipokines and ovarian function was studied using both human ovarian tissue and bovine theca cells in culture. A significant decrease in the expression of the protein for adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 was detected in theca cells from polycystic ovaries in comparison with ovaries from normal women. In bovine theca cells, the administration of adiponectin, but not other adipokines (leptin, visfatin, resistin) resulted in a decrease in androstenedione production, accompanied by significant reduction of gene expression of key steroidogenic enzymes. In addition, the knockdown of genes for ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 was associated with higher rates of androstenedione secretion by theca cells. In summary, these results support the hypothesis that dysregulation of ovarian follicle development and androgen production can be induced by prenatal androgenisation. The results also provide evidence of a link between fat cell metabolism and steroidogenesis which is important in understanding the development of metabolic abnormalities in PCOS.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Impacto metabólico da hiperinsulinemia em pacientes adolescentes com a síndrome dos ovários policísticos (PCOS) : comparação com pacientes adultas com PCOS

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Influência da obesidade sobre a resposta do GH ao teste de estimulação com clonidina em pacientes com síndrome dos ovários policísticos

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Influência da obesidade sobre a resposta do GH ao teste de estimulação com clonidina em pacientes com síndrome dos ovários policísticos

12