4,5-bis(benzoylsulfanyl)-1,3-dithiol-2-one

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Padrão de esterase de diferentes populações do nematóide de cisto da soja

This study aimed at comparing the phenotype  for the isoenzym esterase in different populations of soybean cyst nematode (SCN) belonging to the types 1, 3, 6 and 14. Protein extracts from 1, 6 and 12 SCN  females was run on a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 8%. Esterase pattern was detected even  from a single female. The esterase phenotype for this enzyme was similar in all the populations tested, and so this technique was unable to differentiate the esterase pattern.   Objetivou-se com o presente estudo comparar o fenótipo para a isoenzima esterase em diferentes populações do Nematóide de cisto da Soja pertencentes às raças 1, 3, 6 e 14. Extratos protéicos de 1, 6 e 12 fêmeas maduras do NCS foram submetidos a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida 8%. Detectou-se presença de atividade para esterase a partir de extrato protéico de uma única fêmea. As diferentes raças testadas apresentaram fenótipo semelhante para esta enzima, não sendo possível a sua diferenciação por esta técnica

Identifying the research, advocacy, policy and implementation needs for the prevention and management of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in low- and middle-income countries

Introduction: The high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in young children disproportionately occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The PROUD (Preventing RespiratOry syncytial virUs in unDerdeveloped countries) Taskforce of 24 RSV worldwide experts assessed key needs for RSV prevention in LMICs, including vaccine and newer preventive measures. Methods: A global, survey-based study was undertaken in 2021. An online questionnaire was developed following three meetings of the Taskforce panellists wherein factors related to RSV infection, its prevention and management were identified using iterative questioning. Each factor was scored, by non-panellists interested in RSV, on a scale of zero (very-low-relevance) to 100 (very-high-relevance) within two scenarios: (1) Current and (2) Future expectations for RSV management. Results: Ninety questionnaires were completed: 70 by respondents (71.4% physicians; 27.1% researchers/scientists) from 16 LMICs and 20 from nine high-income (HI) countries (90.0% physicians; 5.0% researchers/scientists), as a reference group. Within LMICs, RSV awareness was perceived to be low, and management was not prioritised. Of the 100 factors scored, those related to improved diagnosis particularly access to affordable point-of-care diagnostics, disease burden data generation, clinical and general education, prompt access to new interventions, and engagement with policymakers/payers were identified of paramount importance. There was a strong need for clinical education and local data generation in the lowest economies, whereas upper-middle income countries were more closely aligned with HI countries in terms of current RSV service provision. Conclusion: Seven key actions for improving RSV prevention and management in LMICs are proposed

Enterovirus infections and type 1 diabetes mellitus: is there any relationship?

Several health organizations have classified diabetes mellitus, a metabolic syndrome, as the epidemic of the century, since it affects millions of people worldwide and is one of the top ten causes of death. Type 1 diabetes is considered to be an autoimmune disease, in which autoaggressive T cells infiltrate the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, leading to the destruction of insulin producing beta cells. The risk of the disease is modulated by genetic factors, mainly genes coding for human leukocyte antigens (HLA). However, the incidence of this disease has increased significantly during the recent decades, which cannot be explained only by genetic factors. Environmental perturbations have also been associated to the development of diabetes. Among these factors, viral triggers have been implicated; particularly enteroviruses, which have been associated to the induction of the disease. Supporting the hypothesis, numerous lines of evidence coming from mouse models and patients with this type of diabetes have shown the association. The present review aims to provide some understanding of how type 1 diabetes occurs and the possible role of enterovirus in this pathology