Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1): update of circulating strains in Argentina.

BoHV-1 genera en el ganado bovino una amplia gama de manifestaciones clínicas,tales como la rinotraqueítis infecciosa bovina, abortos y vulvovaginitis pustular infecciosa,que dependen de la virulencia del virus y del estado inmunitario del hospedador. En este trabajo se caracterizaron en Argentina 44 aislamientos de BoHV-1 por el análisis de restriccióncon endonucleasas (REA). El ADN viral fue sometido al clivaje de la enzima HindIII, la cualpermite la diferenciación entre los subtipos 1.1, 1.2a y 1.2b. De acuerdo al perfil REA de losaislamientos, 35 cepas (80%) mostraron un patrón similar a la cepa K22 (prototipo BoHV1.2b), 7 cepas (16%) exhibieron un patrón similar a la cepa LA (prototipo BoHV-1.1) y sólo2 cepas (4%) revelaron un patrón similar a la cepa ST (prototipo BoHV-1.2a). Los resultadosdemuestran una mayor prevalencia del subtipo 1.2b entre los aislamientos BoHV-1 argentinos.Además, se reporta por primera vez en Argentina, la circulación del subtipo BoHV-1.2a.BoHV-1 in cattle results in a wide range of clinical manifestations, such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, depending on the virulence of the virus and the immune status of the host. Forty-four Argentinean BoHV1 isolates were characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). Viral DNA was cleaved with HindIII which allows the differentiation among subtypes 1.1, 1.2a and 1.2b. According to the REA, 35 field strains (80%) showed a pattern similar to K22 strain (BoHV-1.2b prototype), 7 field strains (16%) showed a clear pattern similar to LA strain (BoHV-1.1 prototype) and only 2 filed strains (4%) showed a clear pattern similar to ST strain (BoHV-1.2a prototype). The results demonstrated the presence of a marked prevalence of subtype 1.2b among Argentinean BoHV-1 isolates. We also report for the first time in Argentina the circulation of the subtype BoHV-1.2a.Fil: Maidana, Silvina Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Universidad de Morón; ArgentinaFil: Marin, Maia Solange. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: de Stefano, Gabriel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Combessies, Gustavo. No especifíca;Fil: Romera, Sonia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad de Morón; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentin

Characterization of BoHV-5 field strains circulation and report of transient specific subtype of bovine herpesvirus 5 in Argentina

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is a member of the subfamily <it>Alphaherpesvirinae </it>responsible for meningo-encephalitis in young cattle. The first case of bovine meningo-encephalitis associated with a herpesvirus infection was reported in Australia. The current geographical distribution of BoHV-5 infection is mainly restricted to South America, especially Brazil and Argentina. Outbreaks of BoHV-5 are regularly observed in Argentina suggesting the circulation of the virus in the bovine population.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Seventeen field strains of BoHV-5 isolated from 1984 to now were confirmed by differential PCR and subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). Viral DNA was cleaved with BstEII which allows the differentiation among subtypes a, b and non a, non b. According to the REA with BstEII, only one field strain showed a pattern similar to the Argentinean A663 strain (prototype of BoHV-5b). All other isolates showed a clear pattern similar to the Australian N569 strain (prototype of BoHV-5a) consistent with the subtypes observed in Brazil, the other South-American country where BoHV-5 is known to be prevalent. The genomic region of subtype b responsible for the distinct pattern was determined and amplified by PCR; specifically a point mutation was identified in glycoprotein B gene, on the BstEII restriction site, which generates the profile specific of BoHV-5b.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This is the first report of circulation of BoHV-5a in Argentina as the prevailing subtype. Therefore the circulation of BoHV-5b was restricted to a few years in Argentina, speculating that this subtype was not able to be maintained in the bovine population. The mutation in the gB gene is associated with the difference in the restriction patterns between subtypes "a" and "b".</p

Mucosal disease outbreak and possible sources of bovine viral diarrhea virus in herds from a beef farm of Buenos Aires province

Cattle persistently infected (PI) with non-cytopathic (ncp) strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are immunotolerant and have a major role in virus transmission. Also, they are highly prone to develop mucosal disease (MD) after an overwhelming infection with the mutant cytopathic (cp) strain. In August 2018, an outbreak investigation was conducted in a beef farm. Yearling steers and heifers died in a time-spanned fashion (30/205; mortality, 14.6 %). At necropsy two steers showed erosions and ulcers in the digestive organs and atrophy and necrosis of Peyer’s patches. BVDV antigen was detected in ear notch samples by immunochromatography, whereas the NS5B gene of BVDV-1 was detected in spleen samples by nested multiplex RT-PCR (RT-mPCR). Cytopathic effect of BVDV was confirmed by virus isolation and direct immunofluorescence (VI+DIF) in samples from brain, spleen, and lung.Trabajo publicado en Cagliada, Maria del Pilar Lilia y Galosi, Cecilia Mónica (comps.). I Congreso de Microbiología Veterinaria. Libro de resúmenes. La Plata: Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2021.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Isolation and characterization of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 from water buffaloes (Bubalus bulalis) in Argentina

BACKGROUND: Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) was isolated from dairy buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) naturally affected with respiratory and reproductive clinical conditions. RESULTS: Examination of nasal and vaginal swabs collected from 12 diseased buffaloes led to the isolation of three paramyxovirus isolates from two animals. Antigenic, morphological and biological characteristics of these three isolates were essentially similar to those of members of the Paramyxoviridae family. Antigenic analysis by direct immunofluorescence and cross neutralization test placed these isolates together with bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3). Nucleotide and amino acid phylogenetic analysis of partial matrix gene sequences of the buffalo isolates and six field BPIV3 isolates from bovines in Argentina were studied. Buffalo isolates were similar to genotype B (BPIV3b) while the six BPIV3 isolates were similar to genotypes A (BPIV3a) and C (BPIV3c). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first characterization of BPIV3 in water buffalo. According to the samples analyzed, in Argentina, the genotype B was found in buffalo and the genotypes A and C were found in cattle

Herpesvirus bovino 1 (BoHV-1): actualización de las cepas circulantes en Argentina = Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1): update of circulating strains in Argentina

BoHV-1 genera en el ganado bovino una amplia gama de manifestaciones clínicas, tales como la rinotraqueítis infecciosa bovina, abortos y vulvovaginitis pustular infecciosa, que dependen de la virulencia del virus y del estado inmunitario del hospedador. En este trabajo se caracterizaron en Argentina 44 aislamientos de BoHV-1 por el análisis de restricción con endonucleasas (REA). El ADN viral fue sometido al clivaje de la enzima HindIII, la cual permite la diferenciación entre los subtipos 1.1, 1.2a y 1.2b. De acuerdo al perfil REA de los aislamientos, 35 cepas (80%) mostraron un patrón similar a la cepa K22 (prototipo BoHV- 1.2b), 7 cepas (16%) exhibieron un patrón similar a la cepa LA (prototipo BoHV-1.1) y sólo 2 cepas (4%) revelaron un patrón similar a la cepa ST (prototipo BoHV-1.2a). Los resultados demuestran una mayor prevalencia del subtipo 1.2b entre los aislamientos BoHV-1 argentinos. Además, se reporta por primera vez en Argentina, la circulación del subtipo BoHV-1.2a. BoHV-1 in cattle results in a wide range of clinical manifestations, such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, depending on the virulence of the virus and the immune status of the host. Forty-four Argentinean BoHV1 isolates were characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). Viral DNA was cleaved with HindIII which allows the differentiation among subtypes 1.1, 1.2a and 1.2b. According to the REA, 35 field strains (80%) showed a pattern similar to K22 strain (BoHV-1.2b prototype), 7 field strains (16%) showed a clear pattern similar to LA strain (BoHV-1.1 prototype) and only 2 filed strains (4%) showed a clear pattern similar to ST strain (BoHV-1.2a prototype). The results demonstrated the presence of a marked prevalence of subtype 1.2b among Argentinean BoHV-1 isolates. We also report for the first time in Argentina the circulation of the subtype BoHV-1.2a.BoHV-1 in cattle results in a wide range of clinical manifestations, such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, depending on the virulence of the virus and the immune status of the host. Forty-four Argentinean BoHV1 isolates were characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). Viral DNA was cleaved with HindIII which allows the differentiation among subtypes 1.1, 1.2a and 1.2b. According to the REA, 35 field strains (80%) showed a pattern similar to K22 strain (BoHV-1.2b prototype), 7 field strains (16%) showed a clear pattern similar to LA strain (BoHV-1.1 prototype) and only 2 filed strains (4%) showed a clear pattern similar to ST strain (BoHV-1.2a prototype). The results demonstrated the presence of a marked prevalence of subtype 1.2b among Argentinean BoHV-1 isolates. We also report for the first time in Argentina the circulation of the subtype BoHV-1.2a.Instituto de VirologíaFil: Maidana, Silvina Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Inmunogenética; ArgentinaFil: Marin, Maia Solange. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: De Stefano, Gabriel Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Combessies, Gustavo. Laboratorio Azul; ArgentinaFil: Romera, Sonia Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Inmunogenética; Argentina. Universidad del Salvador. Cátedra de Inmunología; Argentin

Molecular characterization of bovine rotavirus circulating in beef and dairy herds in Argentina during a 10-year period (1994–2003)

Group A bovine rotavirus (BRV) is one of the main causes of neonatal calf diarrhea. The present study reports the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea and the genotypes of BRV strains circulating in beef and dairy herds from Argentina, during a 10-year period (1994-2003). Group A BRV was detected in 62.5% (250/400) of the total studied cases of diarrhea. Positive cases were analyzed by heminested multiplex RT-PCR for P and G genotypes identification. Sixty percent of them were typed as P[5]G6, 4.4% P[11]G10, 4.4% P[11]G6 and 2.4% P[5]G10. Additionally, 9.2% of the cases were initially typed as G8 combined with P[5] or P[11], but sequence analysis revealed they belonged to genotype G6, lineage Hun4-like. Partial typing was assessed in 12.0% of the cases. One of the partially typed samples was closely related to genotype G15. BRV was detected in 71% and 58% of the outbreaks registered in beef and dairy farms, respectively. A clear differential distribution of G/P types was found according to the herd type. P[5]G6 was the prevalent strain in beef herds, while P[11] was the prevalent P-type in dairy herds (71%), associated in similar proportions with G6 and G10, These findings indicate that BRV genotypes included in the current commercially available rotavirus vaccines (G6, G10, P[5] and P[11]) should protect calves from most Argentinean field strains. Nevertheless, continuous surveillance is necessary to detect the emergence of new variants.Fil: Garaicoechea, Lorena Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bok, Karin. Eastern Virginia Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Jones, Leandro Roberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Combessies, Gustavo. Laboratorio Azul; ArgentinaFil: Odeón, Anselmo Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez , Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Parreño, Gladys Viviana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Isolation and characterization of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 from water buffaloes (<it>Bubalus bubalis</it>) in Argentina

Abstract Background Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) was isolated from dairy buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) naturally affected with respiratory and reproductive clinical conditions. Results Examination of nasal and vaginal swabs collected from 12 diseased buffaloes led to the isolation of three paramyxovirus isolates from two animals. Antigenic, morphological and biological characteristics of these three isolates were essentially similar to those of members of the Paramyxoviridae family. Antigenic analysis by direct immunofluorescence and cross neutralization test placed these isolates together with bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3). Nucleotide and amino acid phylogenetic analysis of partial matrix gene sequences of the buffalo isolates and six field BPIV3 isolates from bovines in Argentina were studied. Buffalo isolates were similar to genotype B (BPIV3b) while the six BPIV3 isolates were similar to genotypes A (BPIV3a) and C (BPIV3c). Conclusions This is the first characterization of BPIV3 in water buffalo. According to the samples analyzed, in Argentina, the genotype B was found in buffalo and the genotypes A and C were found in cattle.</p

Frequency of Neospora caninum infections in beef cow–calf operations under extensive management

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of Neospora caninum horizontal and vertical transmissions in beef cow–calf operations under three different extensive management systems: group A: 0.75 head per hectare pasturing on natural grass; group B: 1.1 head per hectare on natural grass and improved cultured pastures; and group C: 2 head per hectare on natural grass, improved cultured pasture and whole corn silage. Serum samples from 72 multiparous cows assigned to each beef cow–calf operations were obtained every 3 months during 2 years. A group of 30 replacement heifers from each group were tested similarly since they were 10–21 months old. Twenty four, 20 and 34 calves from groups A, B and C respectively, were bled before colostrum intake and again 6 months later. The samples were analyzed by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for detection of total IgG against N. caninum at a serological titre ≥200 for multiparous cows and replacement heifers, and a serological titre ≥25 for calves. Serum samples from seropositive cows were assessed by ELISA to evaluate the avidity of their specific antibodies. There were no differences in the proportion of seropositive cows from groups A, B and C at the beginning of the trial (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the lowest serological titres in seropositive cows from all groups were observed during the first trimester (p < 0.05). Although seropositive cows had medium to high avidity antibodies, suggesting chronic infection; seroconversion associated with low antibody avidity was found in 2, 3 and 3 seropositive cows from groups A, B and C. All replacement heifers remained seronegative. No abortions were recorded but 2, 1, and 2 calves from groups A, B and C were seropositive before colostrum intake, respectively. Seropositive calves born from cows having intermediate or high avidity remained with the same serostatus at 6 months of age. Even under varying extensive management conditions, both N. caninum horizontal and vertical transmission methods do occur in beef cow–calf operations.EEA Cuenca del SaladoFil: Rodriguez, Alejandro Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado; ArgentinaFil: Maresca, Sebastian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado; ArgentinaFil: Cano, Dora Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Armendano, Joaquín Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Combessies, G. Laboratorio Azul; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Valiente, Sebastian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado; ArgentinaFil: Odriozola, Ernesto Raul. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Spath, Ernesto Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Odeon, Anselmo Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Moore, Prando Dadin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin