Sketching women in court: The visual construction of co-accused women in court drawings

This paper explores the visual construction and representation of co-accused women offenders in court drawings. It utilises three case studies of female co-defendants who appeared in the England and Wales court system between 2003 and 2013. In doing so this paper falls into three parts. The first part considers the emergence of the sub-discipline, visual criminology and examines what is known about the visual representation of female offenders. The second part presents the findings of an empirical investigation, which involved engaging in a critical, reflexive visual analysis of a selection of court drawings of three female co-offenders. The third part discusses the ways in which the court artists' interpretation, the conventions of court sketching, and motifs of female offenders as secondary actors, drew on existing myths and prejudices by representing the women as listening, remorseless ‘others’

WRRCTR No.144 Water Quality of Airport Storm Runoff

The quality of natural and induced storm runoff was ascertained from the 11.33 x 10^6 m^2 (2800 acre) Honolulu International Airport (daily average air traffic volume of about 1000 planes and a mean annual rainfall of approximately 508 mm [20 in.]) by incorporating two monitoring schemes, the wet season and the dry season. The wet-season monitoring involved collecting storm runoff samples during and following rainfall events at established airport sites on paved surfaces. The dry-season monitoring scheme consisted of enclosing a 1.0-m^2 (10.8-ft^2 ) area, applying deionized water, and then collecting the wash water, leached chemicals, and sediments by a heavy-duty vacuum cleaner. Phenol, mercury, and turbidity exceeded the primary drinking water regulations, while pH, manganese, and total dissolved solids at times exceeded secondary drinking water regulations. Grease and oil concentrations showed a definite decrease from the Terminal Building (service and fueling area) to the outer drainage sites. High technology treatment, costing nearly four times the present cost of municipal water, would be required to meet potable water requirements; however for subpotable use, an equalization basin could be constructed for one-half the cost of municipal water. The 1985 projected water demand volume could be met by recovered storm runoff.Office of Water Research and Technology, U.S. Department of the Interior Grant/Contract No. 14-34-0001-1113 (A-086-HI, Phase I

WRRCTR No.153 Water Quality of Airport Storm Runoff

The quality of natural and induced storm water runoff from several smaller public airports in Hawaii (air traffic volume of approximately 130 to over 350 airplanes/day) was compared to results from the previous Phase I study of the Honolulu International Airport that handles daily nearly 900 airplanes. The mean annual rainfall of these airports ranges from approximately 381 mm (15 in.) to nearly 3 251 mm (128 in.). Two basic storm quality monitoring schemes were incorporated: the wet season and the dry season. The wet-season monitoring involved collecting storm runoff samples from paved surfaces during and following rainfall events at a specific airport. The dry-season monitoring scheme consisted of enclosing a 0.25-m^2 (2.69-ft^2) area, applying deionized water, and then collecting the wash water, leached chemicals, and sediments by a hand bilge pump. As was the case for the storm runoff quality from the previous study of the Honolulu International Airport, the runoff from the smaller airports also contained mercury and turbidity that significantly exceeded the primary drinking water regulations, while concentrations of phenol and carbon chloroform extract definitely indicated that petroleum-derived products would be too high (and expensive to remove) for consideration as an alternate drinking water supply. However, the water, if collected and stored, could serve as a source of subpotable water.Office of Water Policy, U.S. department of the Interior Grant/Contract No. 14-34-0001-1113; A-086-H