La función operativa de las ciudades: el caso de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, México

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Adverse reactions of amiodarone

Adverse drug reaction is defined by the World Health Organization as any response to a drug that is noxious and unintended and occurs at a dose normally used in man. Older people are at elevated risk of adverse drug reactions-because of changes in pharmacodynamics, concurrent use of multiple medications and the related drug interactions. However, adverse drug reactions are significantly underestimated in the elderly population that is also exposed to inappropriate drugs. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug used commonly for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and is increasingly prescribed in older people. While amiodarone is an efficient drug for rhythm control, it's a carrier of different adverse reactions, and pro and cons must be carefully evaluated before its use especially in older people

La expansión urbana del municipio de Tlajomulco de Zuñiga

A comienzos de la segunda mitad del siglo pasado, las ciudades centrales del México comenzaron a sufrir un proceso constante de crecimiento e integración de sus comunidades aledañas, proceso que se ha definido como metropolización. Guadalajara, como segunda ciudad más importante del país es, obviamente parte de dicho fenómeno. Esto se agudiza, especialmente a partir de la crisis de los ochentas, lo que ha permitido una estructura territorial caracterizada por la desigualdad regional, concentración metropolitana, expansión urbana anárquica, desigual distribución de las infraestructuras, entre otros fenómenos asociados. Esta situación se ve acentuada aún más, por los impactos devengados en el proceso de Globalización, mismo que ha cambiado la manera, ya no sólo de cómo se concibe, sino también cómo se estructura la ciudad. Estudiar un fenómeno de apariencia tan compleja puede ser muy difícil; es por ello que en este documento se considera analizar la evolución que ha presentado el uso del suelo a partir de la explosión demográfica previa de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara y el periodo reciente, particularmente en el municipio de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga para, de manera inductiva, generar un modelo explicativo de la situación presente y, así, poder comprender mejor la expansión urbana de las zonas metropolitanas mexicanas. Lo anterior se pretende lograr a través de la investigación documental teórica de modelos previos realizados por otros investigadores en el área, así como el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, generadas en el Instituto Nacional de Geografía e Informática (INEGI), así como otras instituciones gubernamentales nacionales. Después de la integración teórica y el análisis de los datos agregados disponibles se ha generado un modelo teórico general inicial que ha develado una ciudad integral, compuesta por tres dimensiones esenciales, a saber, sociales, económicas y políticas, propiciadas por el entorno internacional, fundamentalmente económico. Asimismo, la ciudad debe ser interpretada, con base en un referente histórico, compuesta y modificada por la tecnología, para poder explicar la expansión urbana como un fenómeno multidimensional y en constante cambio, por lo que no se habla de modalidades de desarrollo, sino de estadios de desarrollo.*** ENG: Early in the second half of last century, the cities of central Mexico began to undergo a constant process of growth and integration of their surrounding communities, a process that has been defined as metropolización. Guadalajara, the second largest city in the country is obviously part of that phenomenon. This is more acute, especially after the crisis of the eighties, which allowed a spatial structure characterized by the uneven regional, metropolitan concentration, uncontrolled urban growth, unequal distribution of infrastructure, among other phenomena associated. This situation is exacerbated further by the effects due to the process of globalization, which has changed the way, not only of how they conceive, but also how to structure the city. Studying a phenomenon as complex appearance can be very difficult, and so in this document is considered to analyze the developments that have submitted land use from the previous boom in the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara and the recent period, particularly in the town ofTlajomulco de Zúñiga to, so inductively generate a model explaining the situation and thus better understand the urban sprawl of the metropolitan areas of Mexico. It seeks to achieve through the desk research prior theoretical models by other researchers in the field, and the use of Geographic Information Systems, created the National Institute of Geography and Informatics (INEGI), and other institutions national government. After integration and theoretical analysis of aggregate data available there is a general theoretical model that initial city has unveiled a comprehensive, consisting of three key dimensions, namely social, economic and political, provided by the international environment, primarily economic. Also, the city should be interpreted, based on a historical reference, made and modified by technology, to explain urban sprawl as a multidimensional phenomenon and constantly changing, so do not talk about development patterns, but stages of development.Peer Reviewe

Understanding trade pathways to target biosecurity surveillance

Increasing trends in global trade make it extremely difficult to prevent the entry of all potential invasive species (IS). Establishing early detection strategies thus becomes an important part of the continuum used to reduce the introduction of invasive species. One part necessary to ensure the success of these strategies is the determination of priority survey areas based on invasion pressure. We used a pathway-centred conceptual model of pest invasion to address these questions: what role does global trade play in invasion pressure of plant ecosystems and how could an understanding of this role be used to enhance early detection strategies? We concluded that the relative level of invasion pressure for destination ecosystems can be influenced by the intensity of pathway usage (import volume and frequency), the number and type of pathways with a similar destination, and the number of different ecological regions that serve as the source for imports to the same destination. As these factors increase, pressure typically intensifies because of increasing a) propagule pressure, b) likelihood of transporting pests with higher intrinsic invasion potential, and c) likelihood of transporting pests into ecosystems with higher invasibility. We used maritime containerized imports of live plants into the contiguous U.S. as a case study to illustrate the practical implications of the model to determine hotspot areas of relative invasion pressure for agricultural and forest ecosystems (two ecosystems with high potential invasibility). Our results illustrated the importance of how a pathway-centred model could be used to highlight potential target areas for early detection strategies for IS. Many of the hotspots in agricultural and forest ecosystems were within major U.S. metropolitan areas. Invasion ecologists can utilize pathway-centred conceptual models to a) better understand the role of human-mediated pathways in pest establishment, b) enhance current methodologies for IS risk analysis, and c) develop strategies for IS early detection-rapid response programs

El mercado habitacional en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara (ZMG)

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