Improving the Energy Efficiency of Software Systems for Multi-Core Architectures

International audienceThe ICT has an huge impact on the world CO2 emissions and recent study estimates its account to 2% of these emissions. This growing account emissions makes IT energy efficiency an important challenge. State-of-the-art has proven that the processor is the main power consumer. Processor are nowadays more and more complex and they are used in many hardware systems, such as computers or smart-phones. This thesis is thus focusing on the software energy efficiency for multi-core systems. In this paper, we therefore report our motivations to understand deeply their architectures for improving their energy efficiencies. Manufacturers have worked tremendously to improve performance and reduce power consumption of their processors. However a lot of things remains to do in the software side. We claim that energy-efficient softwares can play a deterministic role to reduce the IT carbon footprint. To answer this challenge, we are believing on the software-metric approach with a minimal hardware investment. For this purpose, an efficient, scalable and non-invasive tool is needed. As a result, we created PowerAPI, to provide fine-grained power estimations at process and code-level for optimizing the software energy efficiency automatically. This solution will help to identify clearly the energy leaks for optimizing automatically the power consumed by software

Silencing the Martyr in Second Isaiah’s Suffering Servant

The history of interpretation of Isaiah’s fourth or suffering servant song, Isaiah 52:13 to 53:12, illustrates how the Reformation tenet that Christ’s crucifixion provides redemption from sin suppressed two key gospel messages: 1) A call to acknowledge and repent the sin of our complicity in unjust persecution; 2) A call to join in social solidarity with people who are unjustly persecuted, by risking our own security to help them. In Christianity's first centuries, Origen of Alexandria’s interpretation recalled Jewish martyrs such as Eleazar in Maccabees and it is supported by the work of modern scholars including Stephen Patterson and Benjamin Sommer. However, when Martin Luther and John Calvin systematized Reformed theology, and their adherents formalized Reformed doctrine, a spiritualized, all-powerful, redeeming Christ replaced the very human martyr at the center of this text. Jesuit theologian Jon Sobrino’s interpretation is based on El Salvador’s martyrs in the 1980’s and echoes the themes of 20th and 21st century black liberation theology as propounded by James Cone and found in the essays of James Baldwin. Portions of the Belgic Confession, Heidelberg Catechism and Cannons of Dort are considered. In its conclusion, this paper proposes that reintegrating a martyrology at the heart of Reformed Christianity would improve its faithfulness to this and related biblical texts

Effects of Sweat Therapy on Group Therapeutic Factors and Feeling States

Sweat therapy is the combination of intense heat exposure with psychotherapy or counseling. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of sweat therapy as a group counseling technique by investigating the effects of sweat therapy on group therapeutic factors with a group of college students. The second purpose of this study was to explore the effects of sweat and non-sweat group counseling conditions on feeling states to investigate one aspect of how group sweating functions. Eighty-five university students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (a)Sweat group: Group counseling in a sauna; or, (b)Non-sweat group: Group counseling in a standard office setting. The groups met weekly for six sessions. Measures used included an informed consent form, an intake form, the Critical Incidents Questionnaire (CIQ), the Therapeutic Factor inventory (TFI), the Exercise Induced Feeling Inventory (EFI) and the Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale (SEES). Overall, the sweat therapy grouSchool of Teaching and Curriculum Leadershi

La satisfaction des femmes diabétiques de type 1 quant à la prise en charge de leur diabète dans le perpartum

Les femmes enceintes présentant un diabète de type 1 constituent le groupe de grossesses à haut risque associées à une pathologie chronique, le plus important. À la maternité, du fait des conséquences du diabète sur la mère et l'enfant, la gestion de celui-ci est partagée entre la patiente et le corps soignant qui n'est pas spécialisé dans le diabète, selon le protocole "Diabète et Grossesse". L'objectif principal de l'étude était d'évaluer la satisfaction des patientes diabétiques de type 1 dans le perpartum. L'objectif secondaire était de rechercher un lien entre la participation à un programme d'éducation à l'atelier d'insulinothérapie fonctionnelle et sa satisfaction. Une étude descriptive transversale a été réalisée à l'aide de questionnaires remplis auprès des patientes diabétiques de type 1 ayant accouché à la maternité du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand. Deux profils de patientes ont été distingués : les patientes ayant participé à un programme d'éducation et celles qui n'ont pas participé. L'information était jugée insuffisante par la moitié des patientes (5/10). La moitié des patientes trouvait les repas inadaptés. Il paraît important que toutes les patientes reçoivent une information complète et globale sur la prise en charge de leur diabète dans le perpartum. De plus, l'adaptation des repas des patientes diabétiques, en fonction de leur traitement pourrait être envisagée. Les patientes sont globalement satisfaites de leur prise en charge. Les deux points d'insatisfaction concernaient information et l'alimentation

Process-level Power Estimation in Multi-core Architectures

National audienceThe ICT has an huge impact on the world CO2 emissions and recent study estimates its account to 2% of these emissions. This growing account emissions makes IT energy efficiency an important challenge. In this article, we describe a solution which is able to estimate the software power consumption for multi-core systems. An application-agnostic power model is built automatically following a specific approach. Our solution, PowerAPI, based on actor model, uses this power model to estimate the software power consumption at runtime. With the help of runtime metrics, PowerAPI allows to get accurate power estimations, without requiring an important hardware investment. The experiments shown that PowerAPI is a reliable and a non-invasive solution

Spontaneous twin anemia polycythemia sequence: diagnosis, management, and outcome in an international cohort of 249 cases

Transfusió intrauterina; Cirurgia làser; Seqüència anemia-policitemia bessonaIntrauterine transfusion; Laser surgery; Twin anemia polycythemia sequenceTransfusión intrauterina; Cirugía láser; Secuencia anemia-policitemia gemelarBackground Twin anemia polycythemia sequence is a chronic form of unbalanced fetofetal transfusion through minuscule placental anastomoses in monochorionic twins, leading to anemia in the donor and polycythemia in the recipient. Owing to the low incidence of twin anemia polycythemia sequence, data on diagnosis, management, and outcome are limited. Objective This study aimed to investigate the diagnosis, management, and outcome in a large international cohort of spontaneous twin anemia polycythemia sequence. Study Design Data from the international twin anemia polycythemia sequence registry, retrospectively collected between 2014 and 2019, were used for this study. A total of 17 fetal therapy centers contributed to the data collection. The primary outcomes were perinatal mortality and severe neonatal morbidity. Secondary outcomes included a risk factor analysis for perinatal mortality and severe neonatal morbidity. Results A total of 249 cases of spontaneous twin anemia polycythemia sequence were included in this study, 219 (88%) of which were diagnosed antenatally and 30 (12%) postnatally. Twin anemia polycythemia sequence was diagnosed antenatally at a median gestational age of 23.7 weeks (interquartile range, 9.7–28.8; range, 15.1–35.3). Antenatal management included laser surgery in 39% (86 of 219), expectant management in 23% (51 of 219), delivery in 16% (34 of 219), intrauterine transfusion (with partial exchange transfusion) in 12% (26 of 219), selective feticide in 8% (18 of 219), and termination of pregnancy in 1% (3 of 219) of cases. Perinatal mortality rate was 15% (72 of 493) for the total group, 22% (54 of 243) for donors, and 7% (18 of 242) for recipients ( P <.001). Severe neonatal morbidity occurred in 33% (141 of 432) of twins with twin anemia polycythemia sequence and was similar for donors (32%; 63 of 196) and recipients (33%; 75 of 228) ( P =.628). Independent risk factors for spontaneous perinatal mortality were donor status (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.9–7.5; P <.001), antenatal twin anemia polycythemia sequence stage (odds ratio, 6.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–27.8; P =.016 [stage 2]; odds ratio, 9.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–45.5; P =.005 [stage 3]; odds ratio, 20.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.0–146.4; P =.002 [stage 4]), and gestational age at birth (odds ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.7–0.9; P =.001). Independent risk factors for severe neonatal morbidity were antenatal twin anemia polycythemia sequence stage 4 (odds ratio, 7.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–43.3; P =.018) and gestational age at birth (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–2.1, P <.001). Conclusion Spontaneous twin anemia polycythemia sequence can develop at any time in pregnancy from the beginning of the second trimester to the end of the third trimester. Management for twin anemia polycythemia sequence varies considerably, with laser surgery being the most frequent intervention. Perinatal mortality and severe neonatal morbidity were high, the former especially so in the donor twins

Teamwork enables high level of early mobilization in critically ill patients

Additional file 2. Physiological responses of physiotherapy session. Values expressed as mean ± standard deviation; IB = In bed, IC = In chair, * different from baseline, ≈ different from 0 min

How energy-efficient is your cloud app?

National audienceEnergy measurements in virtualized environments with PowerAP

The Next 700 CPU Power Models

International audienceSoftware power estimation of CPUs is a central concern for energy efficiency and resource management in data centers. Over the last few years, a dozen of ad hoc power models have been proposed to cope with the wide diversity and the growing complexity of modern CPU architectures. However, most of these CPU power models rely on a thorough expertise of the targeted architectures, thus leading to the design of hardware-specific solutions that can hardly be ported beyond the initial settings. In this article, we rather propose a novel toolkit that uses a configurable/interchangeable learning technique to automatically learn the power model of a CPU, independently of the features and the complexity it exhibits. In particular, our learning approach automatically explores the space of hardware performance counters made available by a given CPU to isolate the ones that are best correlated to the power consumption of the host, and then infers a power model from the selected counters. Based on a middleware toolkit devoted to the implementation of software-defined power meters, we implement the proposed approach to generate CPU power models for a wide diversity of CPU architectures (including Intel, ARM, and AMD processors), and using a large variety of both CPU and memory-intensive workloads. We show that the CPU power models generated by our middleware toolkit estimate the power consumption of the whole CPU or individual processes with an accuracy of 98.5% on average, thus competing with the state-of-the-art power models