Constraints on the Parental Melts of Enriched Shergottites from Image Analysis and High Pressure Experiments

Martian basalts can be classified in at least two geochemically different families: enriched and depleted shergottites. Enriched shergottites are characterized by higher incompatible element concentrations and initial Sr-87/Sr-86 and lower initial Nd-143/Nd-144 and Hf-176/Hf-177 than depleted shergottites [e.g. 1, 2]. It is now generally admitted that shergottites result from the melting of at least two distinct mantle reservoirs [e.g. 2, 3]. Some of the olivine-phyric shergottites (either depleted or enriched), the most magnesian Martian basalts, could represent primitive melts, which are of considerable interest to constrain mantle sources. Two depleted olivine-phyric shergottites, Yamato (Y) 980459 and Northwest Africa (NWA) 5789, are in equilibrium with their most magnesian olivine (Fig. 1) and their bulk rock compositions are inferred to represent primitive melts [4, 5]. Larkman Nunatak (LAR) 06319 [3, 6, 7] and NWA 1068 [8], the most magnesian enriched basalts, have bulk Mg# that are too high to be in equilibrium with their olivine megacryst cores. Parental melt compositions have been estimated by subtracting the most magnesian olivine from the bulk rock composition, assuming that olivine megacrysts have partially accumulated [3, 9]. However, because this technique does not account for the actual petrography of these meteorites, we used image analysis to study these rocks history, reconstruct their parent magma and understand the nature of olivine megacrysts

Establishing the liquid phase equilibrium of angrites to constrain their petrogenesis

Angrites are a series of differentiat-ed meteorites, extremely silica undersaturated and with unusally high Ca and Al contents [1]. They are thought to originate from a small planetesimal parent body of ~ 100-200 km in radius ([2-3]), can be either plutonic (i.e., cumulates) or volcanic (often referred to as quenched) in origin, and their old formation ages (4 to 11 Myr after CAIs) have made them prime anchors to tie the relative chronologies inferred from short-lived radionuclides (e.g., Al-Mg, Mn-Cr, Hf-W) to the absolute Pb-Pb clock [4]. They are also the most vola-tile element-depleted meteorites available, displaying a K-depletion of a factor of 110 relative to CIs

Analyse des besoins sociaux : Un bon diagnostic pour mieux piloter les politiques sociales

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Vers un nouveau pilotage des politiques sociales

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Vers un nouveau cadre collaboratif du pilotage des politiques sociales locales

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La prise en compte de la parole de l’usager en action sociale : une application locale du modèle Qualité des Services Publics (QSP)

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Traitement médical de l’endométriose douloureuse sans infertilité, RPC Endométriose CNGOF-HAS

OBJECTIVE: To provide clinical practice guidelines for the management of painful endometriosis in women without infertility. METHODS: Systematic review of the literature literature since 2006, level of evidence rating, external proofreading and grading of the recommendation grade by an expert group according to HAS methodology. RESULTS: Combined hormonal contraceptives (COP) and the levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterin system (LNG-IUS) are recommended as first-line hormonal therapies for the treatment of painful endometriosis (grade B). Second-line therapy relies on oral desogestrel microprogestative, etonogestrel-releasing implant, GnRH analogs (GnRHa) and dienogest (grade C). It is recommended to use add-back therapy containing estrogen in association with GnRHa (grade B). After endometriosis surgery, hormonal treatment relying on COP or LNG-IUS is recommended to prevent pain recurrence (grade B). COP is recommended to reduce the risk of endometrioma recurrence after surgery (grade B) but the prescription of GnRHa is not recommended (grade C). Continuous COP is recommended in case of dysmenorrhea (grade B). GnRHa is not recommended as first line endometriosis treatment for adolescent girl because of the risk of bone demineralization (grade B). The management of endometriosis-induced chronic pain requires an interdisciplinary evaluation. Physical therapies improving the quality of life such as yoga, relaxation or osteopathy can be proposed (expert agreement). Promising medical alternatives are currently under preclinical and clinical evaluation