Référentiel de compétences Bachelière et bachelier en soins infirmiers

Le bachelier en soins infirmiers est un professionnel polyvalent du secteur de la santé. Qualifié d’art infirmier, son métier est régi et protégé par divers arrêtés royaux. Le grade de bachelier en soins infirmiers peut donner accès au titre professionnel de praticien infirmier gradué tel que défini dans l’Arrêté royal n°78 du 10 novembre 1967 relatif à l’exercice de professions de soins de santé (MB du 14/11/1967). Exercer l’art infirmier demande des compétences professionnelles spécifiques, déterminées en cohérence avec les besoins de santé des populations et répondant aux exigences des décrets nationaux et des recommandations européennes dont la directive 2005/36/CE[1] relative à la reconnaissance des qualifications professionnelles. Différents travaux dont le projet CRESI (2006-2008) et le «Tuning Project for Nursing»[2], ont proposé des compétences pour l’infirmier(ère) en soins généraux au terme de la formation bachelière. En janvier 2011, le Conseil Général des Hautes Écoles (CGHE)[3] de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles a proposé une description de la formation bachelière en soins infirmiers (Rapport d’activités CGHE 2010-2011)[4] qui amène le(la) futur(e) professionnel(le) à développer six compétences déclinées en capacités et une «posture réflexive». Ce référentiel de compétences HENALLUX de la bachelière et du bachelier en soins infirmiers (BSI) propose une déclinaison en acquis d’apprentissage[5] des six compétences et de leurs capacités. Ces acquis se fondent sur les descripteurs du niveau 6 du cadre européen des certifications (CEC)[6] indiquant «les acquis de l’éducation et de la formation attendus d’une certification de niveau 6 quel que soit le système de certification», dans le but d’améliorer la transparence des qualifications et de favoriser la mobilité. Le CEC fait notamment référence aux compétences en termes de prise de responsabilité et d’autonomie : • gérer des activités ou des projets techniques ou professionnels complexes, incluant des responsabilités au niveau de la prise de décisions dans des contextes professionnels ou d’études imprévisibles ; • prendre des responsabilités en matière de développement professionnel individuel et collectif

Ecoulement dans une géométrie plan-plan confinée: validité de la géométrie pour l'étude de fluides viscoélastiques et application à la dispersion du noir de carbone

Congrès Annuel de la société Européenne de Rhéologie (AERC 2010), Göteborg , Suède (07/04/2010)International audienceSi avoir un écoulement stable est une condition nécessaire pour faire des mesures de rhéologie en régime continu, il en est de même lors d'études rhéo-optiques où des observations d'évolution de structure ou de comportement de particules ou inclusions en suspension dans une matrice sont réalisées in-situ pendant le cisaillement. Dans cet article, nous montrons comment l'installation d'une bague de confinement autour d'une cellule de cisaillement plan-plan contra-rotative transparente permet de réduire le développement d'instabilités d'écoulement dans une matrice polymère viscoélastique pendant le cisaillement, sans modifier l'écoulement sur une zone relativement large de la cellule. Des mesures de périodes de rotation de billes de verre et de rhéologie en régime continu ont été effectuées pour montrer la validité de cette géométrie d'écoulement. Cette cellule a été utilisée pour déterminer les conditions de dispersion d'une charge de noir de carbone dans une matrice polymère sous l'action d'un champ de cisaillement. La détermination des conditions de rupture d'un noir de carbone en suspension dans une matrice polymère dans deux géométries d'écoulement différentes (avec et sans bague de confinement) permet de montrer que le critère de rupture s'exprime bien en terme de contrainte hydrodynamique. L'utilisation de la bague a permis d'atteindre des taux de cisaillement plus élevés dans des conditions stables d'écoulement

Comparison and calibration of different electroporation models - Application to rabbit livers experiments

Electroporation is a complex phenomenon that occurs when biological tissues are subjected to electric pulses. The clinical interest for the phenomenon has constantly increased for the last decades. Indeed, electroporation makes it possible to either kill directly the cells in the target region (tumor) or to introduce molecules into living cells. However, one of the main limitation of using electroporation in the clinical routine comes from the technical difficulties raised by such therapies, in particular it is difficult to well determine the treated zone. Numerical modeling of the electric field magnitude could provide a powerful strategy to assess the treatment efficacy: thanks to well-designed models, the computation of the distribution of the electric field is achievable, providing a numerical evaluation of the treatment. The main objective of this work is to go further on the patient-adapted numerical modeling of the electric field magnitude by laying the ground of the possible electroporation models-which will be compared qualitatively-and their calibrations. This will be done in the framework of bioelectrical measurements on rabbit livers that come from the literature

Comparison and calibration of different electroporation models. Application to rabbit livers experiments

Electroporation is a complex phenomenon that occurs when biological tissues are subjected to electric pulses. The clinical interest for the phenomenon has constantly increased for the last decades. Indeed, electroporation makes it possible to either kill directly the cells in the target region (tumor) or to introduce molecules into living cells. However, one of the main limitation of using electroporation in the clinical routine comes from the technical difficulties raised by such therapies, in particular it is difficult to well determine the treated zone. Numerical modeling of the electric field magnitude could provide a powerful strategy to assess the treatment efficacy: thanks to well-designed models, the computation of the distribution of the electric field is achievable, providing a numerical evaluation of the treatment. The main objective of this work is to go further on the patient-adapted numerical modeling of the electric field magnitude by laying the ground of the possible electroporation models - which will be compared qualitatively - and their calibrations. This will be done in the framework of bioelectrical measurements on rabbit livers that come from the literature

F.A.R.O.G. FORUM, Vol. 2 No. 4

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1003/thumbnail.jp

Fruit flies : disinfestation, techniques used, possible application to mango

Introduction. The methods of fruit disinfestation against fruit flies use processes (physical methods) which differ according to the export country and fruit which must be disinfested. The term definitions are made clear and the various treatments are presented. Heat treatments. For mango, treatments usable for disinfestation can only utilize heat, because of the strong sensitivity of this fruit to cold temperatures. The heat treatments in general consist of using an immersion in hot water by a system of batches or an uninterrupted bath. These treatments are then followed or not by a fruit fast cooling which can be carried out by ventilation (cold air) or hydrocooling (water). Heat can also be obtained by use of forced hot air or hot vapor, because a higher temperature than 45 °C kills fly eggs and larvae. Microwave treatments. The use of microwaves is also a technique which makes it possible to increase the temperature in the fruit heart. Irradiation. The last possible solution is the use of irradiation, which uses a principle different from the preceding treatments. Conclusion. In comparison with the most current treatments (vapor heat treatment and forced hot-air treatment), the hot water treatment has many advantages: it is easy to implement, it is quick, it kills surface parasitic organisms, it makes it possible to clean the fruit surface and its cost only corresponds to approximately 10%of the cost of one vapor heat treatment. It would thus be recommended for mango disinfestation

Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia

Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility1. However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious2–4. Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 bce, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive control emerged following a severe domestication bottleneck starting no earlier than approximately 2700 bce, and coincided with a sudden expansion across Eurasia that ultimately resulted in the replacement of nearly every local horse lineage. This expansion marked the rise of widespread horse-based mobility in human history, which refutes the commonly held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe around 3000 bce and earlier3, 5. Finally, we detect significantly shortened generation times at Botai around 3500 bce, a settlement from central Asia associated with corrals and a subsistence economy centred on horses6, 7. This supports local horse husbandry before the rise of modern domestic bloodlines

The case for developing a cohesive systems approach to research across unhealthy commodity industries

Objectives Most non-communicable diseases are preventable and largely driven by the consumption of harmful products, such as tobacco, alcohol, gambling and ultra-processed food and drink products, collectively termed unhealthy commodities. This paper explores the links between unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs), analyses the extent of alignment across their corporate political strategies, and proposes a cohesive systems approach to research across UCIs. Methods We held an expert consultation on analysing the involvement of UCIs in public health policy, conducted an analysis of business links across UCIs, and employed taxonomies of corporate political activity to collate, compare and illustrate strategies employed by the alcohol, ultra-processed food and drink products, tobacco and gambling industries. Results There are clear commonalities across UCIs’ strategies in shaping evidence, employing narratives and framing techniques, constituency building and policy substitution. There is also consistent evidence of business links between UCIs, as well as complex relationships with government agencies, often allowing UCIs to engage in policy-making forums. This knowledge indicates that the role of all UCIs in public health policy would benefit from a common approach to analysis. This enables the development of a theoretical framework for understanding how UCIs influence the policy process. It highlights the need for a deeper and broader understanding of conflicts of interests and how to avoid them; and a broader conception of what constitutes strong evidence generated by a wider range of research types. Conclusion UCIs employ shared strategies to shape public health policy, protecting business interests, and thereby contributing to the perpetuation of non-communicable diseases. A cohesive systems approach to research across UCIs is required to deepen shared understanding of this complex and interconnected area and also to inform a more effective and coherent response.Additional co-authors: Modi Mwatsama, Rima Nakkash, Jim F Orford, Harry Rutter, Natalie Savona, May CI van Schalkwyk, Heide Weishaa