An Evidence Based Methodology for Cultural Institutions Seeking to Identify and Profile their Local Populations

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis (Routledge) via the DOI in this record.Community is a term utilised in policy to describe a collective target audience for public services. Political requirements mean that delivering direct and indirect benefits to local people is regarded as essential to obtaining public sources of funding for cultural organisations. Regardless of any external pressure, cultural organisations strive to be conscious, receptive or inclusive of the views of the public. This paper summarises how a robust approach was developed to identify and profile groupings of residents within an area in relation to their local civic museum (UK). This method resulted in a nuanced understanding of a museum’s local population, identifying groupings upon which to base its future plans. Crucially, the methods outlined in this paper are transferable to cultural institutions in different settings worldwide. Our discussion contributes to the wider endeavour of evidencing impacts of museums on variously defined communities

Beyond Zel'dovich-Type Approximations in Gravitational Instability Theory --- Pad\'e Prescription in Spheroidal Collapse ---

Among several analytic approximations for the growth of density fluctuations in the expanding Universe, Zel'dovich approximation in Lagrangian coordinate scheme is known to be unusually accurate even in mildly non-linear regime. This approximation is very similar to the Pad\'e approximation in appearance. We first establish, however, that these two are actually different and independent approximations with each other by using a model of spheroidal mass collapse. Then we propose Pad\'e-prescribed Zel'dovich-type approximations and demonstrate, within this model, that they are much accurate than any other known nonlinear approximations.Comment: 4 pages, latex, 3 figures include

Improving the Lagrangian perturbative solution for cosmic fluid: Applying Shanks transformation

We study the behavior of Lagrangian perturbative solutions. For a spherical void model, the higher order the Lagrangian perturbation we consider, the worse the approximation becomes in late-time evolution. In particular, if we stop to improve until an even order is reached, the perturbative solution describes the contraction of the void. To solve this problem, we consider improving the perturbative solution using Shanks transformation, which accelerates the convergence of the sequence. After the transformation, we find that the accuracy of higher-order perturbation is recovered and the perturbative solution is refined well. Then we show that this improvement method can apply for a $\Lambda$CDM model and improved the power spectrum of the density field.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D; v2: Evolution of power spectrum in LCDM model is added; v3: References are correcte

Probability Distribution Function of Cosmological Density Fluctuations from Gaussian Initial Condition: Comparison of One- and Two-point Log-normal Model Predictions with N-body Simulations

We quantitatively study the probability distribution function (PDF) of cosmological nonlinear density fluctuations from N-body simulations with Gaussian initial condition. In particular, we examine the validity and limitations of one-point and two-point log-normal PDF models against those directly estimated from the simulations. We find that the one-point log-normal PDF describes very accurately the cosmological density distribution even in the nonlinear regime (the rms variance \sigma_{nl} \simlt 4 and the over-density \delta \simlt 100). Furthermore the two-point log-normal PDFs are also in good agreement with the simulation data from linear to fairly nonlinear regime, while slightly deviate from them for \delta \simlt -0.5. Thus the log-normal PDF can be used as a useful empirical model for the cosmological density fluctuations. While this conclusion is fairly insensitive to the shape of the underlying power spectrum of density fluctuations P(k), models with substantial power on large scales, i.e., n\equiv d\ln P(k)/d \ln k \simlt -1, are better described by the log-normal PDF. On the other hand, we note that the one-to-one mapping of the initial and the evolved density fields consistent with the log-normal model does not approximate the broad distribution of their mutual correlation even on average. Thus the origin of the phenomenological log-normal PDF approximation still remains to be understood.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

Performance of the optimized Post-Zel'dovich approximation for CDM models in arbitrary FLRW cosmologies

We investigate the performance of the optimized Post-Zel'dovich approximation in three cold dark matter cosmologies. We consider two flat models with $\Omega_0=1$ (SCDM) and with $\Omega_0=0.3$ ($\Lambda$CDM) and an open model with $\Omega_0=0.3$ (OCDM). We find that the optimization scheme proposed by Wei{\ss}, Gottl\"ober & Buchert (1996), in which the performance of the Lagrangian perturbation theory was optimized only for the Einstein-de Sitter cosmology, shows the excellent performances not only for SCDM model but also for both OCDM and $\Lambda$CDM models. This universality of the excellent performance of the optimized Post-Zel'dovich approximation is explained by the fact that a relation between the Post-Zel'dovich order's growth factor $E(a)$ and Zel'dovich order's one $D(a)$, $E(a)/D^2(a)$, is insensitive to the background cosmologies.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, LaTex using aaspp4.sty and epsf.sty, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

T Cell Migration from Inflamed Skin to Draining Lymph Nodes Requires Intralymphatic Crawling Supported by ICAM-1/LFA-1 Interactions.

T cells are the most abundant cell type found in afferent lymph, but their migration through lymphatic vessels (LVs) remains poorly understood. Performing intravital microscopy in the murine skin, we imaged T cell migration through afferent LVs in vivo. T cells entered into and actively migrated within lymphatic capillaries but were passively transported in contractile collecting vessels. Intralymphatic T cell number and motility were increased during contact-hypersensitivity-induced inflammation and dependent on ICAM-1/LFA-1 interactions. In vitro, blockade of endothelial cell-expressed ICAM-1 reduced T cell adhesion, crawling, and transmigration across lymphatic endothelium and decreased T cell advancement from capillaries into lymphatic collectors in skin explants. In vivo, T cell migration to draining lymph nodes was significantly reduced upon ICAM-1 or LFA-1 blockade. Our findings indicate that T cell migration through LVs occurs in distinct steps and reveal a key role for ICAM-1/LFA-1 interactions in this process

Hidden Florence revealed? Critical insights from the operation of an augmented reality app in a World Heritage City

This is the final version. Available on open access from Routledge via the DOI in this recordData availability statement: The data on which this paper is based are available in aggregate form in an unpublished report compiled by Cristina Mosconi entitled Hidden Florence Analytics Report, 2017–18 which is deposited at https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/handle/10871/125232Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, overtourism was a major topic in global tourism management discourse. The continued growth of international tourism placed pressure on many high-profile urban destinations containing some of the world's most important intrinsic cultural heritage. This paper critically examines the operation of Hidden Florence, a heritage tourism augmented reality (AR) application (app) for the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Florence in Italy. Since 2016, the city management plan has actively promoted digital and smart solutions to address the issues induced by mass heritage tourism. Through user engagement data from 2013 to 2018, this paper investigates the nature and extent of app use, both in and away from the city. The paper makes two main contributions. First, from a managerial perspective, the empirical analysis points to several major practical and methodological challenges if AR apps, and the data they generate, are to be employed effectively as part of the management of established heritage destinations. Second, the use of AR apps in, and smart approaches to, tourism management have been recently theorised and advocated. Evidence from Hidden Florence demonstrates that translating conceptual possibilities into longer-term management practices and beneficial change is more challenging than existing discourse concedes.Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)University of Exeter Innovation, Impact and Business Directorate Higher Education Innovation Fund (HEIF

Gravitational Clustering from Chi^2 Initial Conditions

We consider gravitational clustering from primoridal non-Gaussian fluctuations provided by a $\chi^2$ model, as motivated by some models of inflation. The emphasis is in signatures that can be used to constrain this type of models from large-scale structure galaxy surveys. Non-Gaussian initial conditions provide additional non-linear couplings otherwise forbidden by symmetry that cause non-linear gravitational corrections to become important at larger scales than in the Gaussian case. In fact, the lack of hierarchical scaling in the initial conditions is partially restored by gravitational evolution at scales $k> 0.1$ h/Mpc. However, the bispectrum shows much larger amplitude and residual scale dependence not present in evolution from Gaussian initial conditions that can be used to test this model against observations. We include the effects of biasing and redshift distortions essential to compare this model with galaxy redshift surveys. We also discuss the effects of primordial non-Gaussianity on the redshift-space power spectrum and show that it changes the shape of the quadrupole to monopole ratio through non-linear corrections to infall velocities.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure

O(d,d)-invariance in inhomogeneous string cosmologies with perfect fluid

In the first part of the present paper, we show that O(d,d)-invariance usually known in a homogeneous cosmological background written in terms of proper time can be extended to backgrounds depending on one or several coordinates (which may be any space-like or time-like coordinate(s)). In all cases, the presence of a perfect fluid is taken into account and the equivalent duality transformation in Einstein frame is explicitly given. In the second part, we present several concrete applications to some four-dimensional metrics, including inhomogeneous ones, which illustrate the different duality transformations discussed in the first part. Note that most of the dual solutions given here do not seem to be known in the literature.Comment: 25 pages, no figures, Latex. Accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitatio