Chemical Characterization of Lippia Alba Essential Oil: An Alternative to Control Green Molds

The essential oil of Lippia alba is reported as an antifungal against human pathogenic microorganisms but few articles report its use as an alternative to synthetic fungicides on green mould control. The objective of this study was to determine chemical characteristics of L. alba essential oil and its antifungal activity against green molds as an alternative to synthetic fungicides. Essential oil was extracted by Clevenger hydrodistillation, characterized by GC-MS analysis, and the structure of the main compounds confirmed by H-1 and C-13-NMR spectroscopy. Microdilution assays evaluated the essential oil minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Commercial fungicides Ketoconazole and Bifonazole were used as control. Essential oil yield is of 0.15% and the major components are neral (33.32%) and geranial (50.94%). The L. alba essential oil has MIC of 0.300-1.250 mg/mL and MFC of 0.600-1.250 mg/mL. Ketoconazole and Bifonazole show MIC ranging from 0.025-0.500 to 0.100-0.200 mg/mL, and MFC ranging from 0.250-0.100 to 0.200-0.250 mg/mL, respectively. L. alba essential oil is classified as citral type and the results indicate that it is a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides

Tecnologia de cultivo do cogumelo medicinal Agaricus blazei

O Agaricus blazei foi estudado em projeto temático quanto à tecnologia de cultivo,composição bioquímica e efeitos protetores

Antimicrobial activity, chemical composition and cytotoxicity of: Lentinus crinitus basidiocarp

Lentinus crinitus (L.) Fr. (Basidiomycota: Polyporales) is a wild mushroom with several biotechnological applications; however, there are few studies on its chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the chemical composition, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity of L. crinitus basidiocarp. For that, its nutritional value (AOAC procedures) and its composition in some hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds (chromatographic techniques) were assessed. Moreover, the potential hepatotoxic effects were evaluated using a primary cell culture obtained from porcine liver, and its growth inhibitory capacity was also evaluated against four human tumour cell lines (spectrophotometric assays). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by microdilution against eight bacteria and fungi. The basidiocarp has a high content of carbohydrates and, therefore, a relatively high energetic value. It is also rich in soluble sugars, β-tocopherol, phenolic acids, mainly p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and organic acids, mainly malic acid. L. crinitus did not show cytotoxicity in non-tumour cells, but it did not inhibit the growth of human tumour cell lines either. The basidiocarp has a wide antimicrobial activity, inhibiting the growth of different species of bacteria and fungi. It showed minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentration values similar to or lower than those verified by commercial antibiotics or food additives used as preservatives. The antimicrobial activity was more evident against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Penicillium ochrochloron, followed by Aspergillus ochraceus and Trichoderma viride, when compared to the controls. The results obtained in this study showed that L. crinitus basidiocarp has great potential to be used by the industry without toxicity risks.The authors thank Paranaense University, Fundação Araucária, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES) -finance code 001-, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the financial support and the fellowship. The authors also thank the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020); national funding by FCT, PI, through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros’s contract, to the project Valor Natural for the contract of F. Reis (Mobilized Project Norte-01-0247- FEDER-024479), and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia (451-03-68/ 2020-14/200007).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Basidiocarp structures of Lentinus crinitus: an antimicrobial source against foodborne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms

Lentinus crinitus basidiocarps are an alternative to antimicrobials, but the stipe (24% basidiocarp) is discarded even with potential antimicrobial activity. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of L. crinitus basidiocarp pileus and stipe extracts against foodborne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. Basidiocarps of L. crinitus were grown in sugarcane bagasse and rice husks and the pileus and stipe methanolic extract was analyzed by broth microdilution method for antimicrobial activity against eight bacteria and eight fungi. The minimum bactericidal concentration values for pileus and stipe ranged from 0.40 to 0.50 mg mL− 1, for streptomycin from 0.10 to 0.50 mg mL− 1, and for ampicillin from 0.40 to 1.20 mg mL− 1. The minimum fungicidal concentration values for pileus and stipe ranged from 0.06 to 0.60 mg mL− 1, for bifonazole from 0.20 to 0.25 mg mL− 1, and for ketoconazole from 0.30 to 3.50 mg mL− 1. Extracts had bacteriostatic, bactericidal, fungistatic and fungicidal activity against all microorganisms, but with greater efficiency and specificity for some microorganisms. Both pileus and stipe are promising and sustainable alternatives for use in food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries.The authors thank Paranaense University, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) -finance code 001-, Fundação Araucária, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the financial support, Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Contract No. 451-03-9/2021-14/200007), and Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER, under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2020), the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros contracts. This work was supported by Paranaense University, Fundação Araucária, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) of Brazil, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia (Contract No. 451-03-9/2021-14/200007), and Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2020); the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros contracts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio