Professional Development for Graphing Calculators

The implementation of higher standards and the use of graphing calculators as changed the mathematical pedagogy for New York State teachers. This study was conducted because of poor achievement results and a lack of graphing calculator use at East High School in the Rochester City School District. The teachers at East High School did not feel comfortable or knowledgeable enough on their own use of graphing calculators to implement the calculators into their lessons. The decision was made that an effective professional development plan needed to be conducted. An effective professional development would be on-going rather than a one-time workshop, conducted at a pace that makes the participants comfortable, and with relevant curriculum that the teachers will use in their classroom lessons. The professional development made a positive impact on how comfortable and knowledgeable the participants now feel with use of graphing calculators

Editorial: The CB2 cannabinoid system: A new strategy in neurodegenerative disorder and neuroinflammation

Editorial for Frontiers journal without abstrac

Determination of Safe Yield For Public Supply Wells Impacted by Salt Water Upconing in Eastern Long Island

Program Geology of Long Island and Metropolitan New Yor

Automated synthesis, preclinical toxicity, and radiation dosimetry of [F-18]MC225 for clinical use:a tracer for measuring P-glycoprotein function at the blood-brain barrier

Introduction: [18F]MC225 is a selective substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that has good metabolic stability and shows higher baseline uptake compared with other P-gp substrates such as (R)-[11C]Verapamil. Prior to clinical translation, it is necessary to perform process validation of the radiosynthesis, assessment of preclinical toxicity, and radiation dosimetry. Methods: The production of [18F]MC225 was automated on a CFN-MPS200 multipurpose synthesizer. The acute toxicity of MC225 was evaluated at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight, which is more than 10,000-fold the postulated maximum clinical dose of [18F]MC225. The acute toxicity of [18F]MC225 injection at a 200-fold dose, to administer a postulated dose of 185 MBq of [18F]MC225, was also evaluated after the decay-out of 18F. The mutagenicity of MC225 was studied by a reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli (Ames test). In vivo biodistribution and dosimetry studies of [18F]MC225 were carried out in normal mice. Human dosimetry was estimated using OLINDA software. Results: The mean decay-corrected yields of [18F]MC225 at end of synthesis were 13%, with > 99% radiochemical purity, > 1000 GBq/!mol molar activity, and ! 1.5 !g/185 MBq of total chemical contents. All process validation batches complied with the product specifications and the process was confirmed to be appropriate for the production of [18F]MC225. No acute toxicity of MC225 or [18F]MC225 injection was found. No mutagenic activity was observed for MC225. The biodistribution study demonstrated both hepatobiliary and renal excretion of radioactivity. The most critical organ was the pancreas, with (63.8 !Gy/MBq) or without urination (63.9 !Gy/MBq) at 360 min after injection. The estimated effective dose (!Sv/MBq) with and without urination at 360 min after injection was calculated as 15.7 and 16.9, respectively. Conclusion: [18F]MC225 shows acceptable pharmacological safety at the dose required for adequate PET imaging. The potential risk associated with [18F]MC225 PET imaging is well within acceptable dose limits

Iron Oxidation and Iron Bacteria Formation in Municipal Production Wells in Suffolk County, New York

Program Geology of Long Island and Metropolitan New Yor

HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS analysis to study formulation and long-term stability of some anticancer drugs in elastomeric pumps

Drug stability evaluations in elastomeric pump represent the first step to certify the safety of a therapeutic treatment in oncology. Since the stability of several anticancer molecules is due to their reactivity and stability in elastomeric pumps, made up of different materials, several experimental conditions, such as temperature, pH, concentration and possible chemical interactions among drugs in a single formulation, should be always investigated. Galenic preparation of anticancer drugs is an important prerogative of Anticancer Units within hospital pharmacies and, considering the burden of COVID-19 pandemic event, specific guidelines for therapeutic administration in elastomeric pumps reducing hospitalization both for post-surgical treatment and for therapeutic treatment have been worldwide elaborated. In the present study, the stability of Doxorubicin and Vincristine as a single formulation at different experimental conditions has been investigated. Moreover, we report a systematic study of 5-FU, which is known to be largely used in these medical devices, although its criticisms in terms of solubility, pH effect, storage time and conditions. Our results demonstrate that doxorubicin and vincristine can be mixed safely as a single formulation and 5-FU is stable for 32 days at different temperatures and concentrations in elastomeric pumps

Arylpiperazine agonists of the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor preferentially activate cAMP signaling versus recruitment of β-arrestin-2

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate biological signal transduction through complex molecular pathways. Therapeutic effects of GPCR-directed drugs are typically accompanied by unwanted side effects, owing in part to the parallel engagement of multiple signaling mechanisms. The discovery of drugs that are ‘functionally selective’ towards therapeutic effects, based on their selective control of cellular responses through a given GPCR, is thus a major goal in pharmacology today. In the present study, we show that several arylpiperazine ligands of the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) preferentially activate 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling versus b-arrestin-2 recruitment. The pharmacology of these compounds is thus qualitatively different from the endogenous agonist serotonin, indicating functional selectivity of 5-HT1AR-mediated response pathways. Preliminary evidence suggests that phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) downstream of 5-HT1AR is a substrate of functionally selective signaling by partial agonists. We propose that the compounds described in the present study are useful starting points for the development of signaling pathway-selective drugs targeting 5-HT1AR

Why PB28 Could Be a Covid 2019 Game Changer?

PB28, a cyclohexylpiperazine derivative, could be a potential strategy for Covid 19 because in a recent study it has been found more active than hydroxychloroquine without interaction with cardiac proteins. PB28 has been designed, developed, and biologically evaluated in the past decade in our research group. A possible mechanism to explain its surprising anti-COVID-19 activity is suggested