Single strain high-depth ngs reveals high rdna (Its-lsu) variability in the four prevalent pathogenic species of the genus candida

Ribosomal RNA in fungi is encoded by a series of genes and spacers included in a large operon present in 100 tandem repeats, normally in a single locus. The multigene nature of this locus was somehow masked by Sanger sequencing, which produces a single sequence reporting the prevalent nucleotide of each site. The introduction of next generation sequencing led to deeper knowledge of the individual sequences (reads) and therefore of the variants between the same DNA sequences located in different tandem repeats. In this framework, NGS sequencing of the rDNA region was used to elucidate the extent of intra-and inter-genomic variation at both the strain and species level. Specifically, the use of an innovative NGS technique allowed the high-throughput highdepth sequencing of the ITS1-LSU D1/D2 amplicons of 252 strains belonging to four opportunistic yeast species of the genus Candida. Results showed the presence of a large extent of variability among strains and species. These variants were differently distributed throughout the analyzed regions with a higher concentration within the Internally Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region, suggesting that concerted evolution was not able to totally homogenize these sequences. Both the internal variability and the SNPs between strain can be used for a deep typing of the strains and to study their ecology

Timber gridshells: Numerical simulation, design and construction of a full scale structure

Timber gridshell structures, such as the Multihalle for the federal garden festival in Mannheim or the DownlandMuseum, have been the result of a creative–generative process that indissolubly ‘welded’ the structural contributionto that of form exploration. The challenging design and construction issues have been typically addressedand resolved in several inventive ways. However, still now, form-finding and erection of timber gridshells presentmany difficulties. In this regard, this paper aims to provide a series of novel steps to address some of the maindesign and construction issues that are associated with ‘actively-bent’ timber gridshell structures. First, the maincharacteristics of the construction process of timber gridshells are described and the basic theoretical conceptsfor its numerical simulation, through Dynamic Relaxation method, are introduced. Second, a practical methodfor sizing the laths' cross-section is presented. Third, a new erection technique for timber gridshells is proposedand applied to the construction of a full scale (prototype) structure, the Toledo gridshell 2.0. Fourth, a new bracingsystem for the same structure, which was built at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Naples Federico IIin June–July 2014, is explained and discussed. The paper also highlights the need for further application to validatethe techniques explained here, with particular attention being paid for the construction of large scale freeformstructures

A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.

Global insights into cellular organization and genome function require comprehensive understanding of the interactome networks that mediate genotype-phenotype relationships(1,2). Here we present a human 'all-by-all' reference interactome map of human binary protein interactions, or 'HuRI'. With approximately 53,000 protein-protein interactions, HuRI has approximately four times as many such interactions as there are high-quality curated interactions from small-scale studies. The integration of HuRI with genome(3), transcriptome(4) and proteome(5) data enables cellular function to be studied within most physiological or pathological cellular contexts. We demonstrate the utility of HuRI in identifying the specific subcellular roles of protein-protein interactions. Inferred tissue-specific networks reveal general principles for the formation of cellular context-specific functions and elucidate potential molecular mechanisms that might underlie tissue-specific phenotypes of Mendelian diseases. HuRI is a systematic proteome-wide reference that links genomic variation to phenotypic outcomes

La Jauretche. Una universidad popular en la trama del sur del Gran Buenos Aires

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el impacto de una política educativa de inclusión social. Específicamente, pretendemos dar cuenta de qué significa para sus destinatarios, la creación de la Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche, cuyo propósito explícito lo constituye la integración, inclusión y promoción social de los sectores populares a los que, por su emplazamiento geográfico en el municipio de Florencio Varela, pretende atender. A partir de un trabajo de campo intensivo realizado durante los meses de junio, julio y agosto de 2013, tanto en la universidad como en las casas de los estudiantes, abordamos procesos sociales específicos que atienden al significado de llegar a ser la primera generación de profesionales universitarios. Por un lado, mostramos cuáles son las estrategias centrales entre aquellos que transitan con éxito la vida universitaria; por otro lado, detallamos cuáles son los principales escollos que impiden la prosecución de los estudios entre aquellos que abandonan. En las conclusiones dialogamos con las teorías sobre políticas universitarias y sus principales procesos (masificación, reformas, democratización, calidad, inclusión social y participación, desde una perspectiva comparada en el contexto de América Latina y el Caribe) así como con las teorías críticas de la educación y las teorías de patronazgo y clientelismo, con base en nuestros hallazgos empíricos en torno a cuatro ejes: dimensiones de la inclusión y de la exclusión comprometidos en nuestro caso; articulación entre educación y salida laboral desde una perspectiva nativa; aspiraciones y simultaneidad intergeneracional del estudiantado de primera generación; horizonte de expectativas