The Formation of the First Stars in the Universe

In this review, I survey our current understanding of how the very first stars in the universe formed, with a focus on three main areas of interest: the formation of the first protogalaxies and the cooling of gas within them, the nature and extent of fragmentation within the cool gas, and the physics -- in particular the interplay between protostellar accretion and protostellar feedback -- that serves to determine the final stellar mass. In each of these areas, I have attempted to show how our thinking has developed over recent years, aided in large part by the increasing ease with which we can now perform detailed numerical simulations of primordial star formation. I have also tried to indicate the areas where our understanding remains incomplete, and to identify some of the most important unsolved problems.Comment: 74 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Space Science Review

Increased activity of the ribosomal dissociation factor in the pre-replicative phase of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy

The activity of the ribosomal dissociation factor and the formation in vitro of free 60S and 40S subunits increased in the first 12--48 h after partial hepatectomy. This suggests an accelerated reconversion into active subunits of ribosomes that complete a translation cycle in the early phases of liver regeneration

Biases in incident reporting databases : An empirical study in the chemical process industry

The use of incident reporting schemes is becoming increasingly widespread in many domains such as industry, transportation, and health care; but the extent to which these schemes really capture a representative sample of actual events remains a topic of debate. While this has led several researchers to provide organisational design guidelines for implementing such schemes, much less is known about the individual reporter's perspective on contributing. Based on a literature survey and a diary study in which chemical plant operators reported events involving recovery from self-made errors, complete with reasons why they would or wouldn't normally report this, we identified six categories of reasons for not reporting. The distribution of the diary study events over these categories highlighted a difference between the plant's operators and management, with regard to the perceived importance especially of successfully recovered events with no remaining consequences, or events considered to be nothing new. This difference should be addressed by communicating the learning potential of these types of events