A Hurricane’s Long-Term Economic Impact: the Case of Hawaii’s Iniki

The importance of understanding the macro-economic impact of natural disasters cannot be overstated. Hurricane Iniki, that hit the Hawaiian island of Kauai on September 11th, 1992, offers an ideal case study to better understand the long-term economic impacts of a major disaster. Iniki is uniquely suited to provide insights into the long-term economic impacts of disaster because (1) there is now seventeen years of detailed post-disaster economic data and (2) a nearby island, Maui, provides an ideal control group. Hurricane Iniki was the strongest hurricane to hit the Hawaiian Islands in recorded history, and wrought an estimated 7.4 billion (2008 US$) in initial damage. Here we show that Kauai’s economy only returned to pre-Iniki levels 7-8 years after the storm; though 17 years later, it has yet to recover in terms of its population and labor force. As we document, these long-term adverse impacts of disasters are ‘hidden.’ They are not usually treated as ‘costs’ of disasters, and are ignored when cost-benefit analysis of mitigation programs is used, or when countries, states, and islands attempt to prepare, financially and otherwise, to the possibility of future events.natural disasters, hurricane, Iniki, Kauai, Hawaii

Energy and Greenhouse Gas Policy in Hawai'i

This item includes a video recording of a Mānoa Faculty Lecture Series presentation that took place in the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Library and also a flyer for that presentation.Hawai‘i has adopted aggressive goals for the adoption of renewable energy. Electric utilities must provide a minimum of 40% of electricity sales through renewable sources by the year 2030. There are voluntary commitments to achieve 65% by this time, and legislative proposals to achieve 100% by 2040. Dr. Coffman will discuss the federal and state policies motivating renewable energy adoption in Hawai‘i as well as alternative scenarios to achieve higher levels of renewable energy, including economic and GHG impacts

Air Pollution and the Pandemic: How Will COVID-19 Shape Hawai‘i’s Response to Global Climate Change?

Responses to COVID-19 provide insights into the climate crisis as well as new norms that may shape our global approach to greenhouse gas mitigation. This essay reflects on the dual crises with lessons learned and opportunities for Hawai‘i

Chapter 30 Introduction to Section 5

This handbook addresses a growing list of challenges faced by regions and cities in the Pacific;Rim, drawing connections around the what, why, and how questions that are fundamental;to sustainable development policies and planning practices. These include the connection;between cities and surrounding landscapes, across different boundaries and scales; the persistence;of environmental and development inequities; and the growing impacts of global;climate change, including how physical conditions and social implications are being anticipated;and addressed. Building upon localized knowledge and contextualized experiences,;this edited collection brings attention to place-;based;approaches across the Pacific Rim and;makes an important contribution to the scholarly and practical understanding of sustainable;urban development models that have mostly emerged out of the Western experiences. Nine;sections, each grounded in research, dialogue, and collaboration with practical examples and;analysis, focus on a theme or dimension that carries critical impacts on a holistic vision of city-;landscape;development, such as resilient communities, ecosystem services and biodiversity,;energy, water, health, and planning and engagement.;This international edited collection will appeal to academics and students engaged in;research involving landscape architecture, architecture, planning, public policy, law, urban;studies, geography, environmental science, and area studies. It also informs policy makers,;professionals, and advocates of actionable knowledge and adoptable ideas by connecting;those issues with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs);of the United Nations. The;collection of writings presented in this book speaks to multiyear collaboration of scholars;through the APRU Sustainable Cities and Landscapes (SCL);Program and its global network,;facilitated by SCL Annual Conferences and involving more than 100 contributors;from more than 30 institutions

Chapter 30 Introduction to Section 5

This handbook addresses a growing list of challenges faced by regions and cities in the Pacific;Rim, drawing connections around the what, why, and how questions that are fundamental;to sustainable development policies and planning practices. These include the connection;between cities and surrounding landscapes, across different boundaries and scales; the persistence;of environmental and development inequities; and the growing impacts of global;climate change, including how physical conditions and social implications are being anticipated;and addressed. Building upon localized knowledge and contextualized experiences,;this edited collection brings attention to place-;based;approaches across the Pacific Rim and;makes an important contribution to the scholarly and practical understanding of sustainable;urban development models that have mostly emerged out of the Western experiences. Nine;sections, each grounded in research, dialogue, and collaboration with practical examples and;analysis, focus on a theme or dimension that carries critical impacts on a holistic vision of city-;landscape;development, such as resilient communities, ecosystem services and biodiversity,;energy, water, health, and planning and engagement.;This international edited collection will appeal to academics and students engaged in;research involving landscape architecture, architecture, planning, public policy, law, urban;studies, geography, environmental science, and area studies. It also informs policy makers,;professionals, and advocates of actionable knowledge and adoptable ideas by connecting;those issues with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs);of the United Nations. The;collection of writings presented in this book speaks to multiyear collaboration of scholars;through the APRU Sustainable Cities and Landscapes (SCL);Program and its global network,;facilitated by SCL Annual Conferences and involving more than 100 contributors;from more than 30 institutions

Voyaging in the Pacific

Teaching Oceania is a publication series created with the collaboration of scholars from around the Pacific region to address the need for appropriate literature for undergraduate Pacific Islands Studies students throughout Oceania. The series is designed to take advantage of digital technology to enhance texts with embedded multimedia content, thought-provoking images, and interactive graphs.Teaching Oceania is a publication series created with the collaboration of scholars from around the Pacific region to address the need for appropriate literature for undergraduate Pacific Islands Studies students throughout Oceania. The series is designed to take advantage of digital technology to enhance texts with embedded multimedia content, thought-provoking images, and interactive graphs

Economic Impacts Of Electric Vehicle Adoption

The objective of the Economic Impacts of Electric Vehicle Adoption research project was to examine the predicted levels of electric vehicle (EV) adoption, to analyze the life cycle costs of EVs compared to internal combustion engine vehicles and to evaluate EV impacts on GHG emissions for Hawaii. The results were presented in three publications. The first report evaluated EV penetration rates and provided an ssessment of expected EV penetration over time. The research also assessed factors that affect EVs adoption, including regulatory mechanisms. The results estimated there will be 140,000 EVs on the road in Hawaii by the year 2040 in the reference scenario. These results can be used to estimate the impact of EVs on Hawaii\u27s economy and to determine the level of opportunity of EV\u27s use as a grid stabilization tool. To complement the first report results, EV life cycle costs (LCC) were analyzed in the second report. This report also assessed the impact of the federal tax credit for EVs and of the benefits of household solar photovoltaic systems coupled with proposed time-of-use (TOU) electricity rates for EV owners. The third report estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of EVs in Hawaii to include comparisons with similar internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. In terms of GHGemissions, EVs offer an improvement over ICEs. However, the model that looks at GHG emissions by island community showed that hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) outperform EVs on Oahu while EVs outperform HEVs on Hawaii Island. This final report highlights the detailed results presented in three publications

Holding Visitors Accountable: The Impact of Tourism on Global Climate Change

Visitors are attracted to Hawai‘i’s unparalleled beauty and fragile ecosystem, yet impose significant environmental impacts both locally and globally. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be mitigated through visitor taxes, energy policy, and industrial measures. This model provides greenhouse gas emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) generated by residents, government, and five types of visitors in an applied general equilibrium model of Hawai‘i’s economy. The extensive Hawai‘i dataset includes consumer and industry data for 131 sectors, ten agents, and six fossil fuel types. Simulation results are presented for macroeconomic and per capita indicators including visitor and household expenditures, price indices, income distribution, output, and gross state product. The model simulates various visitor expenditures scenarios including a million dollar increase in visitor spending. The model provides a framework to incorporate economic and environmental impacts of visitor industry growth on a small open economy

Data on U.S. state-level electric vehicle policies, 2010–2015

This data set documents the duration and value of U.S. state and local electric vehicle (EV) policies in effect from 2010 to 2015. Though the focus is on policies at the state-level, local government and electric utility policies are documented when they collectively cover a majority of the state׳s population or electricity customers. Data were collected first from the Alternative Fuel Database Center (AFDC), then supplemented with information taken from more than 300 government (state, city, and county) and utility websites. Nine separate EV-related policy instruments were identified, organized as capital financial incentives, operating financial incentives, preferred access incentives, and disincentives. Though most policy instruments act to support EV adoption, an increasing number of U.S. states are adopting an annual fee for EVs to support road maintenance costs. For vehicle purchase incentives, home charger subsidies, vehicle license tax or registration fees, and the annual EV fee, data was gathered on the money value of these policy instruments. For emissions inspection exemptions and high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane access, an annual money value for each policy instrument is estimated. The other policy instruments, time-of-use (TOU) rates for electricity, designated parking and free parking, are reported as binary variables. For further discussion of EV policy instruments as well as interpretation of their values, see Wee et al. [1]. EV policy instruments often differentiate between all-battery electric vehicles (BEVs) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Data is similarly organized with this distinction. Keywords: Electric vehicles, State policie