Tilt rotor hover aeroacoustics

The methodology, results, and conclusions of a study of tilt rotor hover aeroacoustics and aerodynamics are presented. Flow visualization and hot wire velocity measurement were performed on a 1/12-scale model of the XV-15 Tilt Rotor Aircraft in hover. The wing and fuselage below the rotor cause a complex recirculating flow. Results indicate the physical dimensions and details of the flow including the relative unsteadiness and turbulence characteristics of the flow. Discrete frequency harmonic thickness and the loading noise mechanism were predicted using WOPWOP for the standard metal blades and the Advanced Technology Blades. The recirculating flow created by the wing below the rotor is a primary sound mechanism for a hovering tilt rotor. The effects of dynamic blade response should be included for fountain flow conditions which produce impulsive blade loading. Broadband noise mechanisms were studied using Amiet's method with azimuthally varying turbulence characteristics derived from the measurements. The recirculating fountain flow with high turbulence levels in the recirculating zone is the dominant source of broadband noise for a hovering rotor. It is shown that tilt rotor hover aeroacoustic noise mechanisms are now understood. Noise predictions can be made based on reasonably accurate aerodynamic models developed here

The 600-step Program for Type I Diabetes Self-management in Youth: The Magnitude of the Self-management Task

This article demonstrates the complexity of the type 1 diabetes regimen and describes the physician\u27s role in safely promoting self-management of diabetes by youth. Literature describing type 1 diabetes and the required regimen, issues related to regimen adherence by youth, demonstration of the magnitude of the regimen, and implications for physicians are addressed. A task analysis and tool for physicians is presented that contains over 600 tasks. Given the magnitude of the regimen, issues related to the physician\u27s promotion of the gradual transfer of regimen control to youth are illustrated. The importance of understanding broad areas of the regimen (eg, insulin injection ) as not one task but many is emphasized, as is the need to explore adherence within regimen areas to pinpoint problems related to poor metabolic control. The article also examines how managed care influences the approach that a physician may take to communicate the requirements of the complex regimen to youth and parents. It is concluded that a developmentally sensitive approach must be taken that promotes youths\u27 internalization of the importance of regimen tasks, and suggestions are provided for accomplishing this in a gradual manner that promotes developmentally appropriate involvement of youth in the regimen without premature responsibility. © Postgraduate Medicine

A comparative analysis of XV-15 tiltrotor hover test data and WOPWOP predictions incorporating the fountain effect

Acoustic measurements from a hovering full scale XV-15 tilt rotor with the advanced technology blades are presented which show the directionality of fountain effect noise. Predicted acoustic directivity results are also presented which show agreement with the measured data. The aeroacoustic code, WOPWOP, was used in conjunction with a mathematical model which simulated the fountain recirculation aerodynamic effect on the rotor blade surface pressures. The predictions were used to identify the spike character in the measured data as fountain effect associated noise. The directivity of the fountain effect noise was observed to be dominant at the rear of the aircraft with increased intensities 45 degrees below the rotor disk planes

Flow visualization and flow field measurements of a 1/12 scale tilt rotor aircraft in hover

The results are given of flow visualization studies and inflow velocity field measurements performed on a 1/12 scale model of the XV-15 tilt rotor aircraft in the hover mode. The complex recirculating flow due to the rotor-wake-body interactions characteristic of tilt rotors was studied visually using neutrally buoyant soap bubbles and quantitatively using hot wire anemometry. Still and video photography were used to record the flow patterns. Analysis of the photos and video provided information on the physical dimensions of the recirculating fountain flow and on details of the flow including the relative unsteadiness and turbulence characteristics of the flow. Recirculating flows were also observed along the length of the fuselage. Hot wire anemometry results indicate that the wing under the rotor acts to obstruct the inflow causing a deficit in the inflow velocities over the inboard region of the model. Hot wire anemometry also shows that the turbulence intensities in the inflow are much higher in the recirculating fountain reingestion zone

Fostering the Development of Empathy in the Classroom: A Strategic Response to the Problem of Bullying

This article describes the development of empathy within children and provides classroom-based interventions that will foster its development. The development of empathy is a complex process involving both cognitive and affective functioning and awareness. Various perspectives of empathy are explored including what develops, when it develops, and how it develops. Cultural issues are raised that identify variations in development based on socialisation, gender, and cultural values. Abnormal development of empathy is discussed in the form of aggression and bullying. Interventions for fostering empathy within the victim and the bully and for fostering empathy within the classroom setting are described. The article concludes by placing empathy within the context of the Christian worldview of following Christ’s example and identifies the many benefits of teaching empathy in schools

USNA Classroom Utilization Study - Final Report - Analysis of Issues Affecting Classroom Utilization at the United States Naval Academy

EMBA Project ReportEXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Demand on Naval Academy facilities has increased due to sustained growth in the Academy’s academic programs in new areas such as cyber studies, language and cultural studies, and increased emphasis on conferring Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) degrees. In addition, the pedagogical requirements of training the Brigade of Midshipmen in all aspects of their mental, moral and physical development has evolved significantly over the years; requiring new types of teaching, learning spaces and processes that have had significant impact on the usage of classrooms and laboratories at the Academy. This pedagogy has been formalized into a series of processes and regimens that we identify as constraints in this study. These constraints act collectively to define the actual utilization of every facility at the Naval Academy. In addition, they form the basis for almost all of the business rules used by the Academic Dean’s office in their mission of facilitating the mental development of the Brigade, and ultimately become the drivers for new facilities requirements. Despite the restrictive nature of these constraints, the Naval Academy has performed above the national average in its utilization of its classrooms, and as of the fall 2010 semester, has achieved a current classroom average utilization rate of 74%. While this is noteworthy, we believe that by making a few minor adjustments which would not represent a significant departure from its cultural norms, the Academy can utilize its existing classrooms at an even higher level. In this study, we present the constraints pertaining to classroom utilization in five categories; Physical, Student Body, Faculty, Traditional and Technology. We briefly examine each constraint and qualitatively explain its impact on facilities utilization. We recognize that constraints are a reality of doing business and that especially in circumstances such as at the Naval Academy they are even highly desired, valued and part of the cultural heart of the institution. However, we present a series of recommendations that encourage new examinations of the constraints in light of the constrained facilities construction budget in the Department of the Navy and in response to the Naval Academy’s sense of urgency in identifying space for the emerging curriculum requirements in Cyber Studies. We wish to highlight several of these recommendations that, in our assessment, appear to be palatable and executable in the near future without significant disruption to the norms at the Academy; _ Reclaim a seventh daily period of instruction by shortening the noon meal period and beginning the afternoon class sessions earlier. _ Adhere more closely to the Academic Dean guidelines on appropriate sizes of classes and strictly limit the number of small classes (fewer than 16 Midshipmen) to specialized instances. _ Schedule and assign classrooms and labs at the Division level vs. independent Department-led academic scheduling. These opportunities, among others that we present in our recommendations, will have real and immediate impact on the utilization of classrooms at the Naval Academy and can be accomplished in incremental steps or in tandem. Delivering future leaders of the Navy to the Fleet on schedule and on budget is no small task and we applaud the Naval Academy leadership in their dedicated efforts. We hope that this study encourages further dialogue on how to maximize all of the academic facilities and associated resources that are currently available to meet these demands.For Mr. Robert C. Parsons, Chief Financial Officer, USNAhttp://archive.org/details/usnaclassroomuti10945706

An Ultra-Low Cost and Multicast-Enabled Asynchronous NoC for Neuromorphic Edge Computing

Biological brains are increasingly taken as a guide toward more efficient forms of computing. The latest frontier considers the use of spiking neural-network-based neuromorphic processors for near-sensor data processing, in order to fit the tight power and resource budgets of edge computing devices. However, a prevailing focus on brain-inspired computing and storage primitives in the design of neuromorphic systems is currently bringing a fundamental bottleneck to the forefront: chip-scale communications. While communication architectures (typically, a network-on-chip) are generally inspired by, or even borrowed from, general purpose computing, neuromorphic communications exhibit unique characteristics: they consist of the event-driven routing of small amounts of information to a large number of destinations within tight area and power budgets. This article aims at an inflection point in network-on-chip design for brain-inspired communications, revolving around the combination of cost-effective and robust asynchronous design, architecture specialization for short messaging and lightweight hardware support for tree-based multicast. When validated with functional spiking neural network traffic, the proposed NoC delivers energy savings ranging from 42% to 71% over a state-of-the-art NoC used in a real multi-core neuromorphic processor for edge computing applications.<br/