Telework and mental health during COVID-19

COVID-19 has come to change societal organization. Due to lockdowns, work typologies have been rethought and telework has gained strength. However, the impact of the constant use of information and communication technologies on the mental health of workers needs to be considered. We aimed to investigate the impact of different work conditions on mental health, to which end we disseminated an online questionnaire during lockdowns to assess imagined surveillance, mobile maintenance expectation, communication overload, feelings of entrapment, depression, anxiety, stress, and flourishing in four groups (employed in telework, employed on-site, employed in layoff, and unemployed). We computed mean comparisons and serial mediations. We show that depression and anxiety were more prevalent in women; parents flourished more than people without children; and people with a higher level of education feel more entrapment. Crucially, we show that telework was associated with imagined surveillance and communication overload, which mediated the association with mobile maintenance expectations and entrapment (which was exacerbated by parenthood), impacting mental health and the quality of life. However, this was also partially observed in the remaining work conditions. Finally, flourishing worked as a protector against mental health issues in all work conditions. We discuss this given the massification of digital migration.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of Ageing on Systemic Inflammatory Response in Acute Pancreatitis

Elderly patients show increased incidence of multiple organ dysfunction in acute pancreatitis possibly due to bacterial translocation. This is associated with increased susceptibility to infections in older people. Several reports have related this increased susceptibility to a proinflammatory status called inflammaging, which decreases the capacity of the immunological system to respond to antigens. Cellular senescence also contributes to this low-grade chronic inflammation in older subjects. We discuss here the effect of ageing on systemic inflammation, focusing on that induced by acute pancreatitis and some of the mechanisms involved. It is important to understand the immunological changes in the elderly to adjust treatment strategies in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with acute pancreatitis and other conditions that lead to systemic inflammation

Immediate expression of c-fos and c-jun mRNA in a model of intestinal autotransplantation and ischemia-reperfusion in situ

OBJECTIVE: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs in several clinical conditions and after intestinal transplantation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phenomena of apoptosis and cell proliferation in a previously described intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury autograft model using immunohistochemical markers. The molecular mechanisms involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury repair were also investigated by measuring the expression of the early activation genes c-fos and c-jun, which induce apoptosis and cell proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were subjected to surgery for a previously described ischemia-reperfusion model that preserved the small intestine, the cecum and the ascending colon. Following reperfusion, the cecum was harvested at different time points as a representative segment of the intestine. The rats were allocated to the following four subgroups according to the reperfusion time: subgroup 1: 5 min; subgroup 2: 15 min; subgroup 3: 30 min; and subgroup 4: 60 min. A control group of cecum samples was also collected. The expression of c-fos, c-jun and immunohistochemical markers of cell proliferation and apoptosis (Ki67 and TUNEL, respectively) was studied. RESULTS: The expression of both c-fos and c-jun in the cecum was increased beginning at 5 min after ischemia-reperfusion compared with the control. The expression of c-fos began to increase at 5 min, peaked at 30 min, and exhibited a declining tendency at 60 min after reperfusion. A progressive increase in c-jun expression was observed. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed these observations. CONCLUSION: The early activation of the c-fos and c-jun genes occurred after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and these genes can act together to trigger cell proliferation and apoptosis

Analysis of the reversibility of biliary cirrhosis in young rats submitted to biliary obstruction followed by desobstruction

In this letter to the editor of Revista de Medicina, we present a summary of our study entitled “Analysis of the reversibility of biliary cirrhosis in young rats submitted to biliary obstruction followed by desobstruction”, presented at the XXXV COMU in 2016 - 1st place of Oswaldo Cruz award, surgical area.Biliary atresia and other liver conditions are relevant in pediatric clinic, due to its progression into biliary cirrhosis and eventually, necessity for liver transplant. It is known that the period during which biliary obstruction persists is determining for the development of cirrhosis and its reversibility after a biliary drainage procedure. However, there are no time or histological markers of biliary cirrhosis reversibility. An animal model of biliary obstruction and desobstruction was employed and after histologic and molecular analysis, we concluded that, considering the high mortality rate and the improvement in histologic and molecular changes after biliary drainage in most groups, cirrhosis and its histological and molecular changes occur early after biliary obstruction, are severe and potentially fatal, but can be reversed or at least delayed after biliary drainage

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 in experimental severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: The standard treatment for acute pancreatitis (AP) is still based on supportive care. The search for a new drug that could change the natural history of the disease is a continuing challenge for many researchers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor on experimental AP in rats. METHODS: The animals were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (n = 30)-animals with taurocholate-induced AP treated with parecoxib (40 mg/kg). Group 2 (n = 30)-animals with taurocholate-induced AP that received saline. The COX-2 inhibitor (parecoxib) was injected immediately after AP induction, through the penis dorsal vein. The parameters evaluated were histology, serum levels of amylase, IL-6 and IL-10, and mortality rate. RESULTS: The serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in the parecoxib-treated group were lower than the control group. The amylase serum levels and the mortality rate remained unchanged in the treated animals. Histologic morphology also was unaltered, except for fat necrosis, which was higher in parecoxib-treated rats. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of Cox-2 decreases the systemic release of inflammatory cytokines, but has a poor effect on the direct pancreas injury caused by taurocholate.INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento padrão para a pancreatite aguda permanece baseado em medidas de suporte. A busca por uma droga que altere a história natural da doença ainda é um desafio para muitos pesquisadores. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o efeito de um inibidor da COX-2 na pancreatite aguda grave experimental (PA) em ratos. MÉTODO: Os animais foram divididos em dois Grupos: Grupo 1 (n=30) - animais com PA induzida por taurocolato e tratados com parecoxib (40mg/Kg). Grupo 2 (n=30) - animais com PA induzida por taurocolato que receberam solução salina. O inibidor de COX-2 (parecoxib) foi injetado imediatamente após a indução, através da veia dorsal do pênis. Os parâmetros avaliados foram histologia, níveis séricos de amilase, IL-6 e IL-10 e taxa de mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Os níveis séricos de IL-6 e IL-10 foram menores do que no grupo controle. Os níveis séricos de amilase e a taxa de mortalidade permaneceram inalteradas. A análise histológica também não mostraram alterações, exceto pela necrose gordurosa, que foi maior nos animais controle. CONCLUSÃO: A inibição da COX-2 pode reduzir a liberação sistêmica de pelo menos duas citocinas, mas tem pouco efeito na lesão pancreática direta causada pelo taurocolato

Sepsis and cirrhosis in pediatrics: revisiting two-hit bdl-clp rat model and its pathological and immunological reliability

Anai