1,992 research outputs found
Four related benzazepine derivatives in a reaction pathway leading to a benzazepine carboxylic acid : hydrogen-bonded assembly in zero, one, two and three dimensions
The authors thank ‘Centro de Instrumentacion Cientıfico-Tecnica of Universidad de Jaen’ and the staff for data collection. AP, SAG and CMS thank Colciencias for financial support (grant No. 1102–521–28229). JC thanks the Consejerıa de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa (Junta de Andalucıa, Spain) and the Universidad de Jaen for financial support.(2R*,4S*)-Methyl 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1H-benz[b]azepine-2-carboxylate, C12H13NO3, (I), and its reduction product (2R*,4S*)-methyl 4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benz[b]azepine-2-carboxylate, C12H15NO3, (II), both crystallize as single enantiomers in the space group P212121, while the hydrolysis product (2RS,4SR)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benz[b]azepine-2-carboxylic acid, C11H13NO3, (III), and the lactone (2RS,5SR)-8-(trifluoromethoxy)-5,6-dihydro-1H-2,5-methanobenz[e][1,4]oxazocin-3(2H)-one, C12H10F3NO3, (IV), both crystallize as racemic mixtures in the space group P21/c. The molecules of compound (IV) are linked into centrosymmetric R22(10) dimers by N-HO hydrogen bonds, and those of compound (I) are linked into chains by C-H(arene) hydrogen bonds. A combination of O-HO and O-HN hydrogen bonds links the molecules of compound (III) into sheets containing equal numbers of R44(14) and R44(26) rings, and a combination of C-H(arene) hydrogen bonds and three-centre O-H(N,O) hydrogen bonds links the molecules of compound (II) into a three-dimensional framework structure. Comparisons are made with some related compounds.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Dealing with Qualitative and Quantitative Features in Legal Domains
In this work, we enrich a formalism for argumentation by including a formal
characterization of features related to the knowledge, in order to capture
proper reasoning in legal domains. We add meta-data information to the
arguments in the form of labels representing quantitative and qualitative data
about them. These labels are propagated through an argumentative graph
according to the relations of support, conflict, and aggregation between
arguments.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1903.0186
Spatial deconvolution of spectropolarimetric data: an application to quiet Sun magnetic elements
Observations of the Sun from the Earth are always limited by the presence of
the atmosphere, which strongly disturbs the images. A solution to this problem
is to place the telescopes in space satellites, which produce observations
without any (or limited) atmospheric aberrations. However, even though the
images from space are not affected by atmospheric seeing, the optical
properties of the instruments still limit the observations. In the case of
diffraction limited observations, the PSF establishes the maximum allowed
spatial resolution, defined as the distance between two nearby structures that
can be properly distinguished. In addition, the shape of the PSF induce a
dispersion of the light from different parts of the image, leading to what is
commonly termed as stray light or dispersed light. This effect produces that
light observed in a spatial location at the focal plane is a combination of the
light emitted in the object at relatively distant spatial locations. We aim to
correct the effect produced by the telescope's PSF using a deconvolution
method, and we decided to apply the code on Hinode/SP quiet Sun observations.
We analyze the validity of the deconvolution process with noisy data and we
infer the physical properties of quiet Sun magnetic elements after the
deconvolution process.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Detection of emission in the Si i 1082.7 nm line core in sunspot umbrae
We analyze spectropolarimetric sunspot umbra observations taken in the
near-infrared Si i 1082.7 nm line taking NLTE effects into account. The data
were obtained with the GRIS instrument installed at the German GREGOR
telescope. A point spread function (PSF) was constructed using prior Mercury
observations with GRIS and the information provided by the adaptive optics
system of the GREGOR telescope. The data were then deconvolved from the PSF
using a principal component analysis deconvolution method and were analyzed via
the NICOLE inversion code. The Si i 1082.7 nm line seems to be in emission in
the umbra of the observed sunspot after the effects of scattered light are
removed. We show how the spectral line shape of umbral profiles changes
dramatically with the amount of scattered light. Indeed, the continuum levels
range, on average, from 44% of the quiet Sun continuum intensity to about 20%.
The inferred levels are in line with current model predictions and empirical
umbral models. Current umbral empirical models are not able to reproduce the
emission in the deconvolved umbral Stokes profiles. The results of the NLTE
inversions suggests that to obtain the emission in the Si i 1082.7 nm line, the
temperature stratification should first have a hump located at about log tau -2
and start rising at lower heights when moving into the transition region. This
is, to our knowledge, the first time the Si i 1082.7 nm line is seen in
emission in sunspot umbrae. The results show that the temperature
stratification of current umbral models may be more complex than expected with
the transition region located at lower heights above sunspot umbrae. Our
finding might provide insights into understanding why the sunspot umbra
emission in the millimeter spectral range is less than that predicted by
current empirical umbral models
Anisakis infection in allis shad, Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758), and twaite shad, Alosa fallax (Lacépède, 1803), from Western Iberian Peninsula Rivers : zoonotic and ecological implications
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank M. N. Cueto and J.M. Antonio (ECOBIOMAR) for their excellent technical support and also Rodrigo López for making the map of the study area. We also thank the personal of the Vigo IEO, for providing information about shad captures at sea collected on the basis of national program (AMDES) included in the European Data Collection Framework (DCF) project. We are also grateful to Comandancia Naval de Tui for providing fishing data. M. Bao is supported by a PhD grant from the University of Aberdeen and also by financial support of the contract from the EU Project PARASITE (grant number 312068). This study was partially supported by a PhD grant from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) SFRH/BD/44892/2008) and partially supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE—Operational Competitiveness Programme and national funds through Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under the project BPEst-C/MAR/ LA0015/2013. The authors thank the staff of the Station of Hydrobiology of the USC BEncoro do Con^ due their participation in the surveys. This work has been partially supported by the project 10PXIB2111059PR of the Xunta de Galicia and the project MIGRANET of the Interreg IV BSUDOE (South-West Europe) Territorial Cooperation Programme (SOE2/P2/E288). D.J. Nachón is supported by a PhD grant from the Xunta de Galicia (PRE/2011/198)Peer reviewedPostprin
Two-point theory for the differential self-interrogation Feynman-alpha method
A Feynman-alpha formula has been derived in a two region domain pertaining
the stochastic differential self-interrogation (DDSI) method and the
differential die-away method (DDAA). Monte Carlo simulations have been used to
assess the applicability of the variance to mean through determination of the
physical reaction intensities of the physical processes in the two domains.
More specifically, the branching processes of the neutrons in the two regions
are described by the Chapman - Kolmogorov equation, including all reaction
intensities for the various processes, that is used to derive a variance to
mean relation for the process. The applicability of the Feynman-alpha or
variance to mean formulae are assessed in DDSI and DDAA of spent fuel
configurations.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to EPJ Plu
Influencia del complejo de embalses Mequinenza-Ribarroja-Flix (Río Ebro) en la morfología del cauce situado aguas abajo
Cuando se construye un embalse, el cauce que se sitúa aguas abajo de la presa suele sufrir alteraciones de diversa índole fundamentalmente porque se modifican las características de su caudal líquido y sólido. En este trabajo se analiza el tipo de alteraciones que se han dado en el río Ebro a lo largo de un tramo de aproximadamente 40 km de longitud que se localiza aguas abajo del complejo de embalses de Mequinenza-Ribarroja-Flix. Las principales alteraciones reconocidas son: ausencia de sedimentación, degradación de barras en los puntos más próximos a la presa, revegetación de barras y orillas, y pérdida de sedimentos finos con el consiguiente acorazamiento del lecho y de las barras. Dos factores han propiciado tales modificaciones, que han conducido prácticamente a la estabilidad del cauce, son la presencia de abundantes gravas y una elevada tasa de asentamiento vegetal en la sección. Asimismo se analiza la evolución morfosedimentaria del río desde 1927 hasta la fecha de construcción de estos embalses, años sesenta, y se determina que dicha evolución estaba controlada por episodios de crecidas catastróficas. En el período de estudio se registraron dos eventos de esta naturaleza. En este trabajo se describen también tanto las consecuencias derivadas de los mismos, como el papel tan destacado que jugó en su desarrollo un afluente del Ebro, el río Ciurana. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos referentes a la dinámica fluvial, anterior y posterior a la construcción de los embalses, se aplican a la evolución sedimentaria del Delta del Ebro, formado a poca distancia del tramo estudiado
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