14 research outputs found

    Metformin selectively targets redox control of complex I energy transduction

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    Many guanide-containing drugs are antihyperglycaemic but most exhibit toxicity, to the extent that only the biguanide metformin has enjoyed sustained clinical use. Here, we have isolated unique mitochondrial redox control properties of metformin that are likely to account for this difference. In primary hepatocytes and H4IIE hepatoma cells we found that antihyperglycaemic diguanides DG5-DG10 and the biguanide phenformin were up to 1000-fold more potent than metformin on cell signalling responses, gluconeogenic promoter expression and hepatocyte glucose production. Each drug inhibited cellular oxygen consumption similarly but there were marked differences in other respects. All diguanides and phenformin but not metformin inhibited NADH oxidation in submitochondrial particles, indicative of complex I inhibition, which also corresponded closely with dehydrogenase activity in living cells measured by WST-1. Consistent with these findings, in isolated mitochondria, DG8 but not metformin caused the NADH/NAD+ couple to become more reduced over time and mitochondrial deterioration ensued, suggesting direct inhibition of complex I and mitochondrial toxicity of DG8. In contrast, metformin exerted a selective oxidation of the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ couple, without triggering mitochondrial deterioration. Together, our results suggest that metformin suppresses energy transduction by selectively inducing a state in complex I where redox and proton transfer domains are no longer efficiently coupled

    Edutainment (semester 1 of Unknown), IPRO 329: College Pursuit Game Development IPRO 329 IPRO Day Presentation Sp04

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    The project IPRO 329 is working on this semester, is a financial-aid educational game, CollegePursuit, targeted to high-school seniors and their parents. Work on this project has started last semester and we will be continuing the design, development, testing, and marketing of CollegePursuit.Deliverable

    Edutainment (semester 1 of Unknown), IPRO 329: College Pursuit Game Development IPRO 329 Abstract Sp04

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    The project IPRO 329 is working on this semester, is a financial-aid educational game, CollegePursuit, targeted to high-school seniors and their parents. Work on this project has started last semester and we will be continuing the design, development, testing, and marketing of CollegePursuit.Deliverable

    Edutainment (semester 1 of Unknown), IPRO 329

    No full text
    The project IPRO 329 is working on this semester, is a financial-aid educational game, CollegePursuit, targeted to high-school seniors and their parents. Work on this project has started last semester and we will be continuing the design, development, testing, and marketing of CollegePursuit.Deliverable
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