Morfometric study on Scorzonera L. taxa (Asteraceae) from northeast Anatolia

Phenetic traits of 39 populations belonging to 19 taxa of Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) from north Anatolia were analyzed with the use of numerical methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that pubescence and length of achenes, the shape of outer phyllaries, and average length of flowering capitula, plant pubescence, root shape and state of the plant stem are the best variables to distinguish the examined taxa. In addition, it was also found that binary are more important than quantitative characters in discriminating the examined Scorzonera taxa. Numerical results based on 25 morphological characters were discussed and compared with traditional taxonomic treatments

New chlorogenic acid derivatives and triterpenoids from Scorzonera aucheriana

Chromatographic separation of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction of a crude methanol extract obtained from aerial parts of the Scorzonera aucheriana DC collected from Sivas province of Turkey yielded nine natural compounds; two new 3-caffeoyl-quinic acid analogs (1-2), one new taraxasterol oleate (3), and six known triterpenoids taraxasterol (4), taraxasterol acetate (5), ptiloepoxide (6), lupeol (7), lupeol acetate (8), and beta-sitosterol (9) were characterized. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR (H-1, C-13, COSY, HMBC, HSQC, and TOCSY), UV, FT-IR and LC-Q-TOF-MS spectrometric data

Varijacije u anatomiji iglica običnog bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) s obzirom na staništa i nadmorsku visinu u Turskoj

SummaryIn this study, eight Scots pine populations from Turkiye were studied to explore the influence of different habitats and altitudinal zones on the needle anatomical traits. A total of 496 needles belonging to 64 individuals were examined using light microscopy with the aim to score variability of sixteen needle anatomical traits. Variance analysis showed significant differences in needle thickness, needle width, resin canal number, resin canal diameter, central cylinder width, central cylinder thickness, endodermis cell number, endodermis width and endodermis thickness of eight populations depending on habitat zones. However, only resin canal diameter, endodermis width and endodermis thickness differ significantly in examined populations depending on altitudinal gradients. Cluster analysis showed the greatest similarities between the Bolu-Aladağ and Ardahan-Yalnızçam populations, and the most distinguishable population was the Giresun-Espiye population based on the anatomical characteristics of the needles. Although principal component analysis showed that needle width, central cylinder width, needle thickness, and central cylinder thickness had the greatest influence on the delimitation of Scots pine populations distributed in Turkiye, discrimination analysis did not separate the examined populations depending on the anatomical characteristics of the needles.SažetakU ovoj studiji proučavano je osam populacija običnog bora iz Turske, kako bi se istražio utjecaj zona staništa I admorske visine na anatomske značajke iglica. Svjetlosnim mikroskopom promatrano je ukupno 496 iglica uzorkovanih sa 64 stabla, s ciljem utvrđivanja varijabilnosti dieciséis anatomskih karakteristika. Analiza varijance pokazuje da postoje značajne razlike u debljini iglica, širini iglica, broju smolnih kanala, promjeru smolnih kanala, širini središnjeg cilindra, debljini središnjeg cilindra, broju stanica endoderme, širini endoderme i debljini endoderme u osam populacija ovisno o zonama staništa. Međutim, jedino se promjer smolnog kanala, širina endodermisa i debljina endodermisa značajno razlikuju u ispitivanoj populaciji, ovisno o visinskim gradijentima. Klasterska analiza pokazala je najveće sličnosti između populacija Bolu-Aladağ i Ardahan-Yalnızçam, a najistaknutija populacija bila je populacija Giresun-Espiye na temelju anatomskih značajki iglica. Iako je analiza glavnih komponenti pokazala da širina iglice, širina središnjeg cilindra, debljina iglice i debljina središnjeg cilindra imaju najveći utjecaj na razlikovanje populacija običnog bora rasprostranjenih u Turskoj, diskriminantnom analizom ispitivane populacije nisu razdvojene uzimajući u obzir anatomske značajke iglica

Evaluation of the taxonomic status of Scorzonera hieraciifolia (Asteraceae) in the light of current data

Bu çalışmada, halofitik endemik Scorzonera hieraciifolia (Asteraceae)’nın morfolojisi, küresel ölçekteki tehtit seviyesi ve taksonomik durumu yeni veriler ışığında ele alınmıştır. Türün doğal yayılış gösterdiği alanlardan yeni toplanan ve ulusal/uluslararası herbaryumlarda saklanan örnekler üzerinden yapılan detaylı incelemeler S. hieraciifolia taksonunun kısa kıvrık tüylü (crisped) gövde tabanı; basit (lanseolat, ovat veya eliptik) veya birleşik (pinnat derin linear parçalı) yaprak ayası; ovat ve ucu boynuzsu uzantılı dış fillarileri (corniculate); tüysüz veya seyrek uzun kıvrık yünsü tüylü (lanate), 4-6 mm uzunlukta, siğilli (verrucose) yüzey süslemeli ve saplı (stipitate) akenleri ile karakterize olduğunu göstermiştir. Türün halihazırda tuzlu bataklık ve bozkır alanlarda tespit edilen popülasyonlarının (10 farklı alan) güçlü olduğu ancak küresel iklim değişimleri etkisiyle tuzcul alanlarda oluşabilecek değişimlerden etkilenebileceği öngörülerek küresel ölçekte tehdite yakın (NT) kategorisinde değerlendirilmiştir. Gerek literatür gerekse TÜBİTAK tarafından desteklenen proje kapsamında elde edilen güncel veriler değerlendirilerek türün yayılış alanları ortaya konulmuştur. Son olarak S. hieraciifolia yakın (akraba) türler ile morfolojik ve korolojik açısından karşılaştırılarak taksonomik durumu netleştirilmiştir.In this study, the morphology, global threat level and taxonomic status of the halophytic endemic Scorzonera hieraciifolia (Asteraceae) was investigated of new data. Detailed examinations on newly collected samples from the natural areas of the species and the specimens kept in national/international herbaria indicated that S. hieraciifolia is characterized by crisped hairs at the stem base; simple (lanceolate, ovate or elliptical) or compound (pinnate with deeply linear segments) leaves, ovate and corniculate outer phyllaries; glabrous or lanate, 4-6 mm length, verrucose and stipitate achenes. The populations of the species currently detected in salt marsh and steppe areas (10 different areas) are appraised strong, however considering that it could be affected by changes that may occur in saline areas due to global climate changes. It has evaluated in near threatened (NT) category in a global scale. The distribution areas of the species were revealed by evaluating both the literature and current data obtained within the scope of the project supported by TUBITAK. Finally, the taxonomic status of S. hieraciifolia has been clarified by comparing with close (relative) species in terms of morphology and chorology

Pollen morphology and anatomical features of Lilium (Liliaceae) taxa from Turkey

Coskuncelebi, Kamil/0000-0001-5713-6628;WOS: 000342440900005In this study, pollen grains and anatomical features of Turkish lilies were investigated under the electron (SEM) and light (LM) microscope. LM and SEM observations showed that the pollen grains are monosulcate, heteropolar, elliptical in polar view and oblate. Numerical results based on combined palynological and anatomical characters were discussed and compared with traditional taxonomic treatments. It was found that the midrib shape, mesophyll type, P/E (polar/equatorial), sulcus length, and lumina width are the most valuable traits in separating the examined taxa. the numerical analysis showed that Lilium candidum L. differs from the rest Turkish Lilium and also confirmed a close relationship between L. szovitsianum Fisch. & Av,-Lall. and L. armenum Miscz. ex Grossh. Also this study is the first report dealing with anatomical and palynological features of all Turkish lilies.RUBAP [2009.102.03.4]The authors extend their thanks to RUBAP (Project number 2009.102.03.4) for the financial support

Caucasoseris, a new genus of subtribe Chondrillinae (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) for the enigmatic Prenanthes abietina

A new genus, Caucasoseris, is established to accommodate Prenanthes abietina, a species of hitherto uncertain systematic position distributed in the western Caucasus and northeasternmost Turkey in montane conifer and mixed forests. Agreement has existed that the species belongs somewhere in the Crepidinae or Lactucinae but its morphological features do not match any genus and previous molecular phylogenetic analyses could not establish its sister group. This study provides additional micro- and macromorphological, palynological and anatomical data, and used a molecular phylogenetic sampling designed to ascertain its relationship. A sister group relationship with the Chondrillinae is inferred from the phylogenetic tree based on nrITS. In the plastid DNA tree, where the Chondrillinae are resolved as a clade nested inside the Crepidinae, the species is resolved further remote from the Chondrillinae clade and in a rather early diverging position of the Crepidinae. In agreement also with the anatomical and microand macromorphological findings, it is considered an orphan lineage with affinities to the Chondrillinae, best treated as a genus of its own. A key to the genera of the Chondrillinae including Caucasoseris is provided.Peer reviewe

Caucasoseris, a new genus of subtribe Chondrillinae (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) for the enigmatic Prenanthes abietina

A new genus, Caucasoseris, is established to accommodate Prenanthes abietina, a species of hitherto uncertain systematic position distributed in the western Caucasus and northeasternmost Turkey in montane conifer and mixed forests. Agreement has existed that the species belongs somewhere in the Crepidinae or Lactucinae but its morphological features do not match any genus and previous molecular phylogenetic analyses could not establish its sister group. This study provides additional micro- and macromorphological, palynological and anatomical data, and used a molecular phylogenetic sampling designed to ascertain its relationship. A sister group relationship with the Chondrillinae is inferred from the phylogenetic tree based on nrITS. In the plastid DNA tree, where the Chondrillinae are resolved as a clade nested inside the Crepidinae, the species is resolved further remote from the Chondrillinae clade and in a rather early diverging position of the Crepidinae. In agreement also with the anatomical and microand macromorphological findings, it is considered an orphan lineage with affinities to the Chondrillinae, best treated as a genus of its own. A key to the genera of the Chondrillinae including Caucasoseris is provided.Peer reviewe

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Centaurea appendicigera and Centaurea helenioides

The chemical components and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from Centaurea appendicigera C. Koch and Centaurea helenioides Boiss, two different endemic members of the genus Centaurea L. (Asteraceae), were studied. The essential oils of air-dried C. appendicigera and C. helenioides were obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS. Forty-five and fifty-one components were identified in the essential oils of C. appendicigera and C. helenioides, respectively, and the main components of these taxa were found to be ?-caryophyllene (17.5) from C. appendicigera and caryophyllene oxide (18.2) from C. helenioides. The antimicrobial activity of the isolated essential oil of the plants was also investigated, and demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast-like fungi. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd.Karadeniz Teknik ÜniversitesiThis study was supported by grants from Karadeniz Technical University and State Planning Agency (DPT) of Turkey

Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from Sedum pallidum var. bithynicum and S. spurium grown in Turkey

PubMed: 20645839Chemical compositions of the essential oil of Sedum pallidum Bieb. var. bithynicum (Boiss.) and S. spurium Bieb. (Crassulaceae) from Turkey were investigated by GC-MS, and antimicrobial activity of the oil samples were assessed against Gram-positive/negative bacteria and yeast-like fungi. Thirty-eight and thirty-five components were identified in the essential oils and the main components of these species were found to be caryophyllene oxide from S. pallidum var. bithynicum and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone from S. spurium in the ratios of 12.8% and 15.7%, respectively. The isolated essential oils of the plants showed low antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative/positive bacteria and yeast-like fungi, having the MIC values of 500-2000?g/mL. Antibacterial activity was not observed against Bacillus cereus. © 2010 Informa UK Ltd.Karadeniz Teknik ÜniversitesiThis study was supported by grants from Karadeniz Technical University and State Planning Agency (DPT) of Turkey.Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi ve Türkiye Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı (DPT

A new Vincetoxicum (Apocynaceae) species from Eastern Anatolia and its relationship based on biosystematic properties

Vincetoxicum anatolicum (Apocynaceae), a new species from eastern Turkey, is described and illustrated. Additionally, a revised key for Turkish Vincetoxicum is provided and the seed micromorphology and palynological properties of the new species is described for the first time. The new species is morphologically similar to V. fuscatum and V. parviflorum, but it can be distinguished by its 8-12 mm long peduncles, yellow to light brown corolla with crisped hairs on the inner surface, and ovate corona segments partly fused with intermediate teeth, as well as by palynological properties like obovate pollinia and rugulate exine sculpture. However, phylogenetic analyses showed that the new species, attributed to the 'Vincetoxicum s.str. clade', is clustered in the same subclade as V. funebre, V. rehmannii and V. scandens rather than with the species morphologically most similar to it.Recep Tayyip Erdogan University 2015.53007.102.03.0