INDIVIDUAL BRAINSTORMING PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF VELOCITY AND COMPARISON FEEDBACK

ABSTRACT: This experimental research aimed to investigate the effect of velocity (control vs. velocity) and comparison (control vs. comparison) on the idea generation performance of individual brainstormers. The participants in the velocity condition were led to write down their ideas as quick as possible, whereas those in the control received no such instruction. Those in the comparison condition were informed that their performance would be compared with someone similar to them, whereas those in the control one received no such feedback. After that, all they brainstormed on the ways to improve the student life in the university for 12 minutes session. Findings showed that those in the velocity condition and comparison one generated more ideas than their counterparts. These effects were mediated by only flexibility. These findings suggest that even though both provision of comparison and velocity were beneficial to idea generation, underlying mechanisms for the effects of these variables on the idea generation performance were the same. ÖZ: Bu deneysel çalışmanın amacı, hızın (hız ve kontrol) ve karşılaştırmanın (karşılaştırma ve kontrol) bireysel beyin fırtınasında düşünce üretme performansına etkisini incelemektir. Hız koşulundaki katılımcılara, düşüncelerini olabildiğince hızlı yazmaları konusunda bir yönerge verilirken; kontrol koşulundaki katılımcılara herhangi bir yönerge verilmemiştir. Karşılaştırma koşulundaki katılımcılara ise, performanslarının kendilerine benzer biriyle karşılaştırılacağı bilgisi verilirken; kontrol koşulundaki katılımcılara herhangi bir geribildirim verilmemiştir. Tüm katılımcılar, üniversitede öğrenci yaşamını geliştirme yolları hakkında 12 dakika boyunca beyin fırtınası yapmışlardır. Araştırma bulgularına göre hız ve karşılaştırma koşullarındaki katılımcılar, kontrol koşullarındaki katılımcılara göre daha fazla düşünce üretmişlerdir. Ayrıca hız ve karşılaştırma koşullarının bu etkisine, esneklik aracılık etmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, hem hız hem karşılaştırmanın düşünce üretiminde yararlı olduğunu göstermesine rağmen bu değişkenlerin düşünce üretme performansına etkileri altında yatan mekanizmalar aynıdır

A new dynamical model of brainstorming: Linear, nonlinear, continuous (simultaneous) and impulsive (sequential) cases

In this paper, we extended the linear dynamical model of [Brown, V., Paulus, P. B. (1996). A simple dynamic model of social factors in group brainstorming. Small Group Research, 27, 91-114] on two accounts. First, we modelled the sequential type brainstorming using impulsive differential equations by treating each category as an impulse and tested its validity in the two experiments that investigated and demonstrated the beneficial effects of sequential priming and memory in individual brainstorming. Finally, we considered the nonlinear case of brainstorming in writing or brainwriting where dyads exchanged their ideas in a written format and that eliminated negative factors occurring in oral brainstorming (e.g., evaluation apprehension, free-riding, production blocking) and enhanced the upward performance matching, and conducted the second experiment in order to test its validity in this paradigm with the effects of sequential priming and memory. Comparisons showed good agreement between results of experiments and those of the mathematical model

The Relationship Between Psychological Capital and the Occupational Psychologic Risks of Nurses: The Mediation Role of Compassion Satisfaction

Purpose The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between psychological capital (hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism) and burnout and compassion fatigue or secondary traumatic stress among general hospital nurses, and the mediating role of compassion satisfaction in this relationship

Spontan SAK'lı Hastada Vazospazm Tedavisine Sekonder Gelişen Mezenter İskemi

Spontan SAK'lı Hastada Vazospazm Tedavisine Sekonder Gelişen Mezenter İskemi</p

Tekrarlama ve Sunum Türünün Semantik Bellekte Almanca Sözcüklerin Kodlanmasına Etkisi

Bu araştırmanın amacı yabancı dil öğrenmede çalışma ve semantik belleğin rollerini artırmak için verilen kavramların yazıyla tekrar edilmesinin veya edilmemesinin etkisini incelemektir. Bilişsel psikolojide kavramın tekrar edilmesinin uzun süreli bellekte kalıcılığı artırdığı öne sürülmektedir. Ancak bu durumun yabancı dilde kavramlar için söz konusu olup olmadığı belli değildir. Ayrıca, yeni öğrenilen kavramların görsel ve yazılı olarak sunulmasının da etkisi bu araştırmada incelenmektedir. Sunumun görsel olmasının ve tekrarlanmasının çalışma belleğinin yükünü hafifletmesi ve aynı zamanda semantik bellekte yeni kavramların veya şemaların oluşumunu artırması beklenilmektedir. Bu araştırmada daha önce hiç Almanca bilmeyen katılımcılara Almanca dilinde yazılı veya hem yazılı hem de resimli uyaranlar 3 saniye aralıklarla sunulmuştur. Bu sunumdan sonra katılımcıların yarısı sunulan uyaranları hatırlayabildikleri kadar yazmıştır. Kontrol koşulunda bulunan katılımcılara bu tür bir alıştırma yapılmamıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları sunum türünün yabancı dilde hatırlamada bir etkisinin olmadığını göstermektedir. Buna ek olarak, yazma alıştırması yapanların yapmayanlara göre hatırlama performansı yaklaşık % 40 daha fazladır. Bu bulgular çalışma belleği ve semantik bellekte aktivasyon açısından tartışılmaktadır

The effects of the intraamygdalar melatonin injections on the anxiety like behavior and the spatial memory performance in male Wistar rats

In the present study, the effects of intraamygdalar administrations of melatonin (1 and 100 mu g/kg), saline and diazepam on the anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory performance in pinealectomized and sham-pinealectomized Wistar rats were investigated. The animals were tested by open field and elevated plus maze tests for anxiety-like behavior, and Morris water maze test for spatial memory. In open field, (a) diazepam was more effective in reducing the anxiety, (b) control subjects were more mobile than pinealectomized subjects and (c) 100 mu g/kg melatonin administrations reduced the velocity of the animals. In elevated plus maze, (a) 100 mu g/kg melatonin administrations increased the distance totally travelled and (b) enhanced the time spent in open arms, however, after the pinealectomy, 1 mu g/kg melatonin administrations decreased it and (c) control animals were less mobile than pinealectomized ones. In Morris water maze, (a) diazepam group travelled more distance than the others in control condition whereas, in pinealectomy condition high dose of melatonin and saline groups travelled more distance than the others, (b) in pinealectomy condition subjects who received 100 mu g/kg melatonin also travelled more distance than those who received 1 mu g/kg melatonin and diazepam, (c) the subjects who received 1 mu g/kg spent less time than those who received other treatments, and (d) in control condition subjects who received 100 mu g/kg melatonin were slower than those who received the other treatments. In conclusion, melatonin administration to amygdala decreased the anxiety; however, spatial memory performance of the rats was impaired by the pinealectomy and melatonin administrations. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Psychosocial predictors of the fear of childbirth in Turkish pregnant women

Introduction Fear of childbirth (FOC) affects women’s emotional health, preparation for birth, and outcomes of birth. Identifying the predictors of FOC can aid in identifying strategies for reducing women’s FOC. Objective This descriptive, cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the psychosocial predictors of FOC in pregnant women. Methods The participants were 624 nulliparous and multiparous pregnant women in their last trimester. Data were collected using a personal information form, Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire A, Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of FOC. Results FOC was high among this study’s participants and severe for one fifth of them. The psychosocial variables predicting FOC were self-efficacy and trait anxiety level, and spousal support was found to be a mediator variable in the relationship between self-efficacy and FOC. Conclusion The findings suggest that psychosocial variables are key to predicting FOC