CFD kullanılarak bir HCCI motorun iki boyutlu modellenmesi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu çalışmada dört zamanlı bir motorun bir silindirinin içinde gerçekleşen karışım ve yanmanın analizi Fluent ve Chemkin programları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Analiz iki zamanı içermekte, sıkıştırma-yanma ve genişleme anındaki verileri sunmaktadır. Bir HCCI motor için daha önceden yapılmış olan deneysel çalışma modellenerek yapılan analiz sonucunda elde edilen veriler deneysel veriler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan karşılaştırma sonunda yapılan analizin sonuçlarının deneysel verilerle kabul edilebilir bir uyum gösterdiği görülmüştür. Analizin yeterliliği sunulduktan sonra deney anında ölçülemeyen birtakım kimyasal reaksiyonlar ve yanma ürünleri de yapılan çalışmada elde edilmiştir.In cylinder of a four stroke engine`s mixture and combustion analysis has been made by using Fluent in this study. Analysis includes two strokes and offers all data at compression, combustion and expansion times. An experimental model of a HCCI engine has been used for in-cylinder combustion analysis. End of the in-cylinder combustion analysis obtained data was compared with experimental and accuracy of the analysis was investigated. After the compare it was seen that analysis results was conformed to experimental results. Investigation of the analysis proficiency a number unmeasured chemical reactions and combustion productions were obtained

Some chemical, physical, microbiological and sensorial properties of traditional water buffalo yogurts produced in Turkey

83-91In this study, it was aimed to determine some physical, chemical, microbiological and sensorial properties of yogurts traditionally made from water buffalo milk in the Western Black Sea Region (WBSR) in Turkey. Totally 86 yogurt samples were collected from producers or sellers in the cities of Kastamonu, Karabük, Bartın, Zonguldak, Düzce and Boluin WBSR and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, mean dry matter (%), fat (%), non-fat dry matter (%), protein (%), ash (%), lactose (%), pH, acidity (LA, %), color values L*, a* and b*were obtained as 17.13±3.524, 6.98±2.327, 9.92±1.362, 4.48±0.690, 0.84±0.102, 4.59±1.011, 4.20±0.208, 1.22±0.236,96.22±2.217, -3.30±0.412 and 8.50±1.513, respectively. Starch was determined in none of the samples. Average water holding capacity was 67.48±9.594% and viscosity was 1249.67±1077.762 mPa.s. In addition; firmness (g), consistency (g.sec), cohesiveness (g) and index of viscosity (g.sec) were found as 246.43±138.898, 4910.66±2234.522, 182.32±87.672 and 334.79±149.087, respectively. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, diacetyl, acetoin and aceton values were obtained as 8.93±4.205, 114.93±154.807, 0.95±0.014, 24.44±16.905 and 0.59±0.504 (mg/kg), respectively. Mean aerobic mesophilic count was found as 4.41±1.032 log cfu/g, coliforms as 2.37±1.077 log cfu/g, yeasts and molds as 4.16±1.076 log cfu/g and total lactic acid bacteria count as 5.96±0.923 log cfu/g. Sensorial analyses showed that average appearance score was 3.76±1.005, smell 4.03±0.978, taste 3.64±1.105, consistency by spoon 3.93±1.005 and consistency by mouth3.71±1.022 on scale 5. Important variations in properties analyzed were observed among the samples collected from different cities. For example, the values of dry matter, fat, protein, ash, water holding capacity, viscosity and color were the highest in the samples of Karabük city among the others

Some chemical, physical, microbiological and sensorial properties of traditional water buffalo yogurts produced in Turkey

In this study, it was aimed to determine some physical, chemical, microbiological and sensorial properties of yogurts traditionally made from water buffalo milk in the Western Black Sea Region (WBSR) in Turkey. Totally 86 yogurt samples were collected from producers or sellers in the cities of Kastamonu, Karabük, Bartın, Zonguldak, Düzce and Boluin WBSR and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, mean dry matter (%), fat (%), non-fat dry matter (%), protein (%), ash (%), lactose (%), pH, acidity (LA, %), color values L*, a* and b*were obtained as 17.13±3.524, 6.98±2.327, 9.92±1.362, 4.48±0.690, 0.84±0.102, 4.59±1.011, 4.20±0.208, 1.22±0.236,96.22±2.217, -3.30±0.412 and 8.50±1.513, respectively. Starch was determined in none of the samples. Average water holding capacity was 67.48±9.594% and viscosity was 1249.67±1077.762 mPa.s. In addition; firmness (g), consistency (g.sec), cohesiveness (g) and index of viscosity (g.sec) were found as 246.43±138.898, 4910.66±2234.522, 182.32±87.672 and 334.79±149.087, respectively. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, diacetyl, acetoin and aceton values were obtained as 8.93±4.205, 114.93±154.807, 0.95±0.014, 24.44±16.905 and 0.59±0.504 (mg/kg), respectively. Mean aerobic mesophilic count was found as 4.41±1.032 log cfu/g, coliforms as 2.37±1.077 log cfu/g, yeasts and molds as 4.16±1.076 log cfu/g and total lactic acid bacteria count as 5.96±0.923 log cfu/g. Sensorial analyses showed that average appearance score was 3.76±1.005, smell 4.03±0.978, taste 3.64±1.105, consistency by spoon 3.93±1.005 and consistency by mouth3.71±1.022 on scale 5. Important variations in properties analyzed were observed among the samples collected from different cities. For example, the values of dry matter, fat, protein, ash, water holding capacity, viscosity and color were the highest in the samples of Karabük city among the others

Анализ гистерезиса безработицы методом тестирования единичных корней в панельных данных для стран ОЭСР

Во многих странах гистерезис является основным фактором безработицы. Согласно гипотезе гистерезиса, в отсутствие должных политических мер сохранение высокого уровня безработицы в долгосрочной перспективе угрожает экономическому развитию государства. В данной статье проверяется наличие единичного корня для безработицы в 10 избранных странах Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития (Бельгия, Канада, Чехия, Эстония, Франция, Япония, Нидерланды, Испания, Великобритания и США). Цель исследования — определить, присутствует ли в этих странах эффект гистерезиса. Для анализа данных использован предложенный Песараном, Смитом и Ямагатой метод тестирования единичных корней в панельных данных, измеряющий кросс-зависимость факторов. Используя информацию о достаточном количестве дополнительных объясняющих переменных, тест анализирует, действителен ли единичный корень. Дополнительные переменные должны иметь общий множитель с переменной, стационарность которой проверяется, поскольку общий фактор является причиной кросс-зависимости. В качестве факторов, вызывающих кросс-зависимость и влияющих на гистерезис безработицы, рассмотрены такие показатели, как налоговый клин, плотность профсоюзов и минимальная заработная плата. В случае ошибки в многофакторной структуре процедура тестирования завершается с использованием информации, содержащейся в трех дополнительных переменных. Проанализировано как присутствие гистерезиса безработицы, так и влияющие на безработицу факторы. Отсутствие данных не позволило оценить ситуацию во все странах ОЭСР в различные временные периоды. Из полученных данных следует, что эффект гистерезиса присутствует во всех 10 избранных странах ОЭСР

Анализ гистерезиса безработицы методом тестирования единичных корней в панельных данных для стран ОЭСР

Во многих странах гистерезис является основным фактором безработицы. Согласно гипотезе гистерезиса, в отсутствие должных политических мер сохранение высокого уровня безработицы в долгосрочной перспективе угрожает экономическому развитию государства. В данной статье проверяется наличие единичного корня для безработицы в 10 избранных странах Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития (Бельгия, Канада, Чехия, Эстония, Франция, Япония, Нидерланды, Испания, Великобритания и США). Цель исследования — определить, присутствует ли в этих странах эффект гистерезиса. Для анализа данных использован предложенный Песараном, Смитом и Ямагатой метод тестирования единичных корней в панельных данных, измеряющий кросс-зависимость факторов. Используя информацию о достаточном количестве дополнительных объясняющих переменных, тест анализирует, действителен ли единичный корень. Дополнительные переменные должны иметь общий множитель с переменной, стационарность которой проверяется, поскольку общий фактор является причиной кросс-зависимости. В качестве факторов, вызывающих кросс-зависимость и влияющих на гистерезис безработицы, рассмотрены такие показатели, как налоговый клин, плотность профсоюзов и минимальная заработная плата. В случае ошибки в многофакторной структуре процедура тестирования завершается с использованием информации, содержащейся в трех дополнительных переменных. Проанализировано как присутствие гистерезиса безработицы, так и влияющие на безработицу факторы. Отсутствие данных не позволило оценить ситуацию во все странах ОЭСР в различные временные периоды. Из полученных данных следует, что эффект гистерезиса присутствует во всех 10 избранных странах ОЭСР

Sığır Karkas ve Sakatatlarında Hijyen Profilinin Yasal Mevzuat Kriterleri ile Değerlendirilmesi

Çalışmada, kasaplık sığırların karkas ve sakatatlarının Türk Gıda Kodeksi (TGK) Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Yönetmeliği Üretim Hijyeni Kriterleri gereklilikleri dahilinde mikrobiyolojik kalitesinin belirlenmesi hedeflendi. Bu amaç ile, Marmara Bölgesinde 2013-2015 yılları arasında, 3 kombina ve 1 mezbahadan toplam 400 adet örnek alındı. Alınan 100 adet karkas örneği, Aerobik Koloni Sayısı (AKS) ve Enterobacteriaceae sayısı (ES)’nın belirlenmesi ve Salmonella varlığı yönünden, her bir karkasa ait olmak üzere toplamda 300 adet yenilebilir sakatat (100 karaciğer, 100 dalak, 100 böbrek) örneği ise Salmonella varlığı açısından, ilgili uluslararası standartlar olan ISO 4833-1:2003 (AKS), ISO 21528- 2:2004 (ES) ve ISO 6579:2002 (Salmonella) kullanılarak analiz edildi. İncelenen karkas örneklerinde AKS, 3,0x102- 4,0x105 kob/cm2 aralığında olup ortalama 3,1 x 104 kob/cm2, ES ise 0,1 x 101- 8,5 x 102 kob/ cm2 aralığında olup ortalama 1,9 x 102 kob/cm2 olarak bulundu. AKS ve ES sonuçlarının birbirinden bağımsız olarak ilgili yönetmeliğe göre değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, örneklerin AKS yönünden; %34’ü ‘Uygun’, %56’sı ‘Kabul Edilir’ ve %10’u ‘Uygun Değil’, ES yönünden de %57’si ‘Uygun’, %34’ü ‘Kabul Edilir’ ve %9’u ‘Uygun Değil’ olduğu tespit edildi. TGK Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Yönetmeliği Üretim Hijyeni Kriterleri’ne göre AKS ve ES yönünden sırasıyla %90 ve %91, AKS ve ES sonuçları birlikte değerlendirildiğinde ise %84 oranında uygun bulunan sığır karkaslarının, ayrıca sakatatları dahil Salmonella içermediği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, örnekleme yapılan dönem içinde hijyenik kalitesinin oldukça iyi düzeyde olduğuna karar verildi

Contribution of Endorectal Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography to Operation Strategy in Rectal Cancer

Objective:Colorectal cancer is the most common type of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. Preoperative staging is important for applying appropriate treatment modalities. The role of endorectal ultrasonography (ERUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission-computed tomography (PET-CT) in rectal cancer patients was evaluated.Method:In this study, between October 2010-April 2012, 30 patients who were diagnosed as rectal cancer clinically and histopathologically were evaluated with ERUS, MRI and PET-CT preoperatively and results were compared with histopathologic findings.Results:Between October 2010-April 2012, 30 patients who were diagnosed as rectal cancer with biopsy in Bezmialem University Medical Faculty Hospital General Surgery Department were included in this study [20 male (66.6%), 10 female (33.3%) and their ages are 38-75 years old, 21 of them received neoadjuvant treatment and 9 of them did not received]. All patients were evaluated with MRI, ERUS and PETCT preoperatively. Rectal cancer patients who are primarily operated from rectal adenocarcinoma were included in this study. For T staging, preoperative MRI, ERUS and PET-CT staged 9 (31%), 12 (41%) and 12 (40%) of 30 patients accurately, respectively. For N staging, preoperative MRI, ERUS and PET-CT staged 15 (51%), 16 (55.1%) and 17 (56.6%) of 30 patients accurately, respectively. In comparison to other modalities, PET-CT did not yield a significant difference in staging and did not change operation strategy. PET-CT detected distant metastasis in 3 patients. One of them was liver and two of them were lung metastasis. Biopsies from mass predicted as lung metastasis did not result as metastasis. PET-CT has high rates of false positivity to detect distant metastasis. In statistical analysis, significant p-values for evaluation could not be obtained.Conclusion:Efficacy of routine use of PET-CT on staging, evaluation of T, N and extramesorectal spread could not be shown

Obsessive- compulsive disorder in the parkinson disease

Purpose: Obsessive disorder assessment using Leyton Obsessional Inventory was done in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease according to United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank (UK-PDSBB) criteria and 37 healty individuals were included in the study.All subjects were assesed by the same psychiatrist using the Leyton obsessional inventory. Results: The Leyton obssesional scores were higher in the Parkinson's disease group than in the control group (p<0,001). In addition, correlation was found between the severity of disease and degree of obsession (p:0,771). Conclusion: Parkinson's disease is a neurodejenerative disorder with predominant motor symptoms but with progression , nonmotor symptoms also emerge. The patient's qualty of life may be much affected by these nonmotor symptoms. Diagnosis and treatment of the pyschiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease may help improve life quality