Effects of Supplemental Feeding of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seed on Milk Yield, Composition, Sensory Properties and Some Blood Parameters in Lactating Goats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental feeding of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed on milk yield, composition and some blood parameters in lactating goats. In this study, ten lactating goats in the second lactation were used. Their milk yields were closer to each other. Experimental goats were divided into 2 groups as control (C) and Fenugreek (F), equally. They were individually kept in pen sized 2x2 m. C goats did not consume fenugreek seed while F goats were allowed to consume daily 50 g fenugreek seed for each just before the meal in the mornings. The experiment lasted for 63 days of which 7 days are for adaptation and 56 days are for treatment period. Results showed that fenugreek seeds supplementation increased feed intake (2876.4 vs 2716.4 g, P<0.01) and milk yield (1010.6 g vs 879.7 g, P<0.01) in lactating goats. Fat corrected milk yield was higher in F goats (865.2 g) than that of C goats (780.0 g) (P<0.01). Serum glucose, total cholesterol and protein levels were not affected while serum triglyceride level and prolactin hormone level increased by fenugreek seed supplementation (P[removed

Periodontal and Periapical Responses to Mandibular Incisor Intrusion: Conventional Method Vs. Bone Anchorage

Aim:To investigate the gingival and periapical side effects of mandibular incisor intrusion using mini-implants and to compare these with those of a conventional mandibular incisor intrusion mechanic, the utility arch.Subjects and Methods:26 deep bite patients were enrolled to one of the 2 groups. In the first group, mandibular incisors were intruded using 2 mini- implants and in the second group, using a conventional utility arch. The gingival reactions following intrusion were evaluated by pocket depth (PD), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), the width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) measurements at pretreatment (T0), pre-intrusion (T1) and at the end of intrusion (T2). Presence of root resorption was evaluated using both periapical radiographs and computed tomograms. Intragroup comparisons were made using a Paired t-test or Wilcoxon test. Intergroup comparisons were made using Student's t-test or Mann Whitney-U test.Results:In both groups, SD in the buccal side, GI, PI, WKG on buccal side and on lingual SD showed an increase at T2 compared to T0 and T1. PI on lingual side showed an increase from T0 to T2 in implant group but no differences were noted in utility arch group. Intergroup differences were found similar. Some amount of root shortening (0.08%% to 4.4%%) was measured on both periapical radiographs and tomograms.Conclusions:Similar changes in SD, GI, PI and WKG and root resorption were found with intrusion using the two methods. Root density measurements on CT images showed only minor density changes

Assessment of oral hygiene behaviors and periodontal status among dental patients in Turkey: A pilot study

Aim: Mechanical plaque control plays a substantial role in preventing periodontal diseases. the aim of this study was to determine the selfreported oral hygiene habits and periodontal status of dental patients in Turkey and to evaluate whether the data was consistent with the current periodontal status of the participants. Methodology: the study group consisted of 104 patients in consultation with a faculty of dentistry in Turkey. Clinical measurements included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index and bleeding on probing. A survey was conducted in order to learn participants’ oral hygiene habits and demographic data. Three groups of 0–3 mm, 4–6 mm, and ? 7 mm were assigned to all patients for PD and CAL values. Results: A total of 33.6% of the participants brushed their teeth two or more times per day, and 33.7% brushed one time daily. the percentage of dental floss use was 11.5% and interproximal brushing was 7.7%. the percentage of the areas with 0–3 mm PD were 89.78%, and areas with 0–3 mm CAL were 86.61%. Areas with ? 7 mm PD and CAL were found to be very low (PD: 3.85%, CAL: 3.60%). the extent of dental plaque was 62.80% and bleeding on probing was 38.13% of the overall study population. Conclusions: It is possible to say that oral care is insufficient in our study group. Also, poor oral hygiene and smoking are closely related to moderate and severe clinical attachment loss for the participants. Consequently, it is clear that more extensive researches need to be done across the country

Investigation by Different Orthogonal Methods of Body Sizes of Turkish Spotted Horses According to Age Group

Bu çalışmada, atlarda farklı yaş grublarının çeşitli vücut ölçüleri üzerine olan etkileri ortogonal polinomlar yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. Ortogonal karşılaştırma sonucunda cidago yüksekliği, sağrı yüksekliği ve göğüs genişliği için lineer, kuadratik ve kübik etki istatistikîolarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0,01 ve p<0,05). Vücut uzunluğu, göğüs çevresi, göğüs derinliği, sağrı genişliği, kuyruk uzunluğu, ön incik uzunluğu ve baş uzunluğu için lineer ve kuadratik etki önemli bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Bacak uzunluğu için lineer ve kübik etki (p<0,01 ve P<0,05), kulak uzunluğu için lineer etki önemli bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Vücut ölçülerindeki varyasyon en fazla lineer etki ile açıklanabilmektedir. Sonuç olarak ortogonal polinomlar ile çalışıldığında atlarda yaşın vücut ölçüleri üzerinde lineer etki yeterli olmuştur. Ayrıca, yaşın kulak uzunluğu üzerindeki etkisi lineer; vücut uzunluğu, göğüs çevresi, göğüs derinliği, sağrı genişliği, kuyruk uzunluğu, ön incik çevresi ve baş uzunluğu üzerindeki etkisi kuadratik; cidago yüksekliği, sağrı yüksekliği, göğüs genişliği ve bacak uzunluğu üzerindeki etkisi kübik şeklinde olmuşturIn this study, the effects of age on body measurements that obtained from different horse age groups were researched by orthogonal polynomials methods. In the results of orthogonal comparison, linear, quadratic and cubic effects were found to be statistically significant for height at withers, height rump and chest width (p<0.01) and (p<0.05). Linear and quadratic effects were found to be statistically significant for body length, chest girth, chest depth, rump width, tail length, front shank length and head length (p<0.01). Linear and cubic effects were found statistically significant for leg length (p<0.01 and p<0.05). Linear effect was found statistically significant for ear length (p<0.01). Variation in body size can be explained by at most linear effect. As a result, linear effect adequated impact of age on body measurements in horses when working with orthogonal polynomials. Furthermore, the effect of age on the ear length is linear. The effect of age on the body length, chest girth, chest depth, rump width, tail length, head circumference and length effect is quadratic. The effect of age on the withers height, rump height chest width and leg length is cubi

A Study of Body Measurements of Turkish Spotted Horses in Different Ages

Bu çalışmada, Türk Alaca atlarında yaş faktörünün çeşitli vücut ölçülerine olan etkisi çok değişkenli istatistik analiz yöntemlerinden MANOVA testi ile araştırılmıştır. Atlar 1-2 yaş, 2-3 yaş, 4-5 yaş ve 5 yaşından büyük olmak üzere yaş gruplarına ayrılmıştır. Atlarda incelenen vücut ölçüleri cidago yüksekliği, sağrı yüksekliği, vücut uzunluğu, göğüs çevresi, göğüs derinliği, göğüs genişliği, kuyruk uzunluğu, ön incik çevresi ve baş uzunluğudur. Yaşlara göre atlardaki vücut ölçüleri arasındaki farklılıkları en fazla sırasıyla cidago yüksekliği (R2 =0.68), sağrı yüksekliği (R2 =0.66) ve göğüs derinliği (R2 =0.64) belirlenmiştir. Yaşlara göre vücut ölçüleri arasındaki farklılık istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Cidago yüksekliği, sağrı yüksekliği, vücut uzunluğu, göğüs çevresi, göğüs derinliği, göğüs genişliği, kuyruk uzunluğu ve baş uzunluğuna göre; 1-2 yaşlı atlar ile 2-3 yaş, 4-5 yaş ve 5 yaşından büyük atlar arasındaki fark önemlidir (P<0.01). Ön incik çevresi açısından 1-2 yaşlı atlar ile 2-3 yaş, 4-5 yaş ve 5 yaşından büyük atlar arasındaki fark önemlidir (P<0.01). 2-3 yaş arası atlarla 5 yaşından büyük atlar arasındaki fark ön incik çevresinde önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak, 4-5 yaşlı atların en yüksek göğüs derinliğine sahip olduğu, diğer ölçülerin ise 5 yaşından büyük atlarda en yüksek değerde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.In this study, the age factor of Turkish Spotted horses, the effects on various body measurements were investigated by using MANOVA test from multivariate statistical methods. The horses were divided into four age groups as 1-2 years, 2-3 years, 4-5 years and 5 years of age. Body measurements examined in horses were height at withers, height at rump, body length, heart girth circumference, chest depth, chest width, tail length, cannon circumference and head length. Height at withers, (R2 = 0.68), height at rump height (R2 = 0.66) and chest depth (R2 = 0.64) were the most determined respectively differences between body size of the horses according to the age. Differences between the body measurements according to ages are found as statistically significant. Differences among horses 1-2 years with 2-3 years, 4-5 years and 5 years of age were significant (P <0.01) according to height at withers, height at rump, body length, heart girth circumference, chest depth, chest width, tail length and head length. Differences between the horses 1-2 years with 2-3 years, 4-5 yearsand 5 years of age were significant in terms of cannon circumference (P <0.01). Difference at cannon circumference between 2-3 years old horses with horses older than 5 years was significant (P <0.05). Consequently, while 4-5 years old horses had the highest chest depth, older than 5 years, in horses older than 5 years of other dimensions had been found to in the maximum value

Crystallization of polyethylene under low gravity conditions: Implications for continued microgravity research on polymers

Linear polyethylene is a macromolecular system well suited for microgravity research; it has neither steric hindrances, sidegroups, polar moieties nor toxicity constraints peculiar to many organic systems. This research has centered upon determination of the effects of convection on the solidification of non-Newtonian fluid systems. Initial research served to identify the viability of polymer systems for low gravity processing affects. These investigations served to resolve gravity-induced variations in both solidified thickness and nucleation sites for thin (10 micron) melt/solidified polyethylene samples. Further, a variation in the birefringence of the solidified sample, correlatable to solidification gravity conditions but independent of nucleation sites or solidification thickness, demonstrated that morphological variations occurred during solidification that were resultant of gravitational fields. To investigate these minute effects a furnace was designed and fabricated and flown on the NASA microgravity aircraft: KC-135. The significant features of the furnace were the directional solidification aspects (eliminating gravity induced nucleation site variations), translation of the sample at its growth rate (allowing optical interface monitoring and reducing secondary nucleation concerns) and use of monitoring equipment (thermal, interferometric, acceleration and microscopy). Rheometric Dynamic Spectroscopy (RDS) was used to define the non-Newtonian nature of the polyethylene. The flight results were reviewed and hundreds of frames of interferometry data were reduced, and calibrated against thermocouple and accelerometer results. Analysis, using a computational fluid dynamics code was performed. A comparison of predicted results to empirical data for thermal gradients, flow velocities and crystallization conditions, assuming two gravitational conditions (10\sp{-4} and 1 g- level) and two viscosity assumptions (no shear thinning and with RDS data shear thinning) was performed. The results from these studies show that the pursuit of microgravity crystallization of polymer systems is both viable and warranted assuming appropriate experimental goals and analytical tools. Specific test results indicate that gravitational forces are correlatable to thermal variations during solidification, and these variations appear correlatable to post crystallization morphology. Further, analyses of non-Newtonian fluid system crystallization processes must include viscoelastic assumptions

Evaluation of quality of life and its determinents in postmenopausal and senile osteoporotic women

Amaç: Osteoporoz kemik kütlesinde azalma ve kemik kalitesinde bozulma sonucu kırıklara neden olabilen ve yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkileyen bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışma osteoporozun yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerini ve yaşam kalitesinin belirleyicilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla planlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 276 postmenopozal ve senil osteoporozlu (60,6±8,9 yaş) kadın alındı. Demografik verileri, risk faktörleri, fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ve eşlik eden hastalıkları sorgulandı. Ağrı yakınması vizüel analog skala kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Kemik yapım-yıkım belirteçleri, lateral torakal ve lomber grafileri ve DXA yöntemiyle kemik mineral yoğunluklarına bakıldı. Yaşam kalitesi Avrupa Osteoporoz Kurumu Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi (QUALEFFO) ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Postmenapozal ve senil osteoporozlu hastaların total QUALEFFO skorları sırasıyla 41,4±14,3 ve 49,3±15,1 idi. Her iki grupta da en fazla bozulma sosyal fonksiyon ve genel sağlık değerlendirmesi alt skalalarında idi. Hastaların yaş, vücut kitle indeksi, eğitim düzeyi, menopoz süreleri, ağrı şiddeti, majör risk faktörleri, eşlik eden hastalık durumu, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve radyografi ile değerlendirilen vertebra deformiteleri total QUALEFFO skoru ile ilişkiliydi. Lomber T skorları -2,5'in altında olan grupta (n=241) lomber kemik mineral yoğunluğu değerleri fiziksel fonksiyon ve total skor ile koreleydi. Hastaların vitamin D düzeyleri fiziksel fonksiyon alt skala skorları ile ilişkili bulundu. Sonuç: Hasta grubumuzun yaşam kalitesi skorları senil osteoporotik hastalarda daha belirgin olmak üzere düşüktü ve yaşam kalitesi birçok değişkenden etkilenmekteydi. Bu sonuçlar osteoporotik hastaların çok yönlü değerlendirilmesi ve yaşam kalitesinin düzeltilmesine yönelik farklı yaklaşımların gerekliliğini göstermektedir.Objective: Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone architecture which can result in fractures and also have a negative effect on quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of osteoporosis on QOL and to evaluate its determinants. Materials and Methods: 276 postmenopausal and senile osteoporotic women (60.6±8.9 years of age) were enrolled in the study. Demographic data, risk factors, physical activity level and concomitant diseases were recorded. Back pain was evaluated by using visual analogue scale. Bone turnover markers, lateral thoracolumbar X-rays and bone mineral density measurements by DXA method were also evaluated. The QOL was assessed by means of Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO). Results: Total QUALEFFO score of postmenopousal and senile osteoporotic patients were 41.4±14.3 and 49.3±15.1 respectively. The most prominent deterioration was in the social function and general health perception domains in both groups. The age, body mass index, educational status, postmenopausal years, pain severity, major risk factors, concomitant diseases, physical activity level and vertebral deformities evaluated by radiography were correlated with total QUALEFFO score. In the group which lumbar T score was below -2.5 (n=241), the lumbar bone mineral density values were correlated with physical function domain and total score. Vitamin D levels of the patients were found to be correlated with physical function domain scores. Conclusion: The QOL scores of our patients, especially those of the senile osteoporotic patients, were low and QOL was influenced by numerous variables. These results point out that osteoporotic patients must be evaluated multidimensionally and different approaches are needed to improve their QOL