219 research outputs found
Prospects for detecting the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect of Earth-like planets: the test case of TRAPPIST-1b and c
The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect is the principal method of determining the
sky-projected spin--orbit angle () of transiting planets. Taking the
example of the recently discovered TRAPPIST-1 system, we explore how ultracool
dwarfs facilitate the measurement of the spin--orbit angle for Earth-sized
planets by creating an effect that can be an order of magnitude more ample than
the Doppler reflex motion caused by the planet if the star is undergoing rapid
rotation. In TRAPPIST-1's case we expect the semi-amplitudes of the
Rossiter-McLaughlin effect to be m/s for the known transiting planets.
Accounting for stellar jitter expected for ultracool dwarfs, instrumental
noise, and assuming radial velocity precisions both demonstrated and
anticipated for upcoming near-infrared spectrographs, we quantify the
observational effort required to measure the planets' masses and spin--orbit
angles. We conclude that if the planetary system is well-aligned then
can be measured to a precision of if the spectrograph is
stable at the level of 2 m/s. We also investigate the measure of , the mutual inclination, when multiple transiting planets are present in
the system. Lastly, we note that the rapid rotation rate of many late M-dwarfs
will amplify the Rossiter-McLaughlin signal to the point where variations in
the chromatic Rossiter-McLaughlin effect from atmospheric absorbers should be
detectable.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures. Accepted to MNRAS. Comments welcom
A Deep Spitzer Survey of Circumstellar Disks in the Young Double Cluster, h and chi Persei
We analyze very deep IRAC and MIPS photometry of 12,500 members of the
14 Myr old Double Cluster, h and Persei, building upon on our earlier,
shallower Spitzer studies (Currie et al. 2007a, 2008a). Numerous likely members
show infrared (IR) excesses at 8 {\mu}m and 24 m indicative of
circumstellar dust. The frequency of stars with 8 m excess is at least 2%
for our entire sample, slightly lower (higher) for B/A stars (later type,
lower-mass stars). Optical spectroscopy also identifies gas in about 2% of
systems but with no clear trend between the presence of dust and gas. Spectral
energy distribution (SED) modeling of 18 sources with detections at optical
wavelengths through MIPS 24 reveals a diverse set of disk evolutionary
states, including a high fraction of transitional disks, although similar data
for all disk-bearing members would provide better constraints. We combine our
results with those for other young clusters to study the global evolution of
dust/gas disks. For nominal cluster ages, the e-folding times () for
the frequency of warm dust and gas are 2.75 Myr and 1.75 Myr respectively.
Assuming a revised set of ages for some clusters (e.g. Bell et al. 2013), these
timescales increase to 5.75 and 3.75 Myr, respectively, implying a
significantly longer typical protoplanetary disk lifetime. The transitional
disk duration, averaged over multiple evolutionary pathways, is 1 Myr.
Finally, 24 m excess frequencies for 4-6 M stars appear lower
than for 1-2.5 M stars in other 10-30 Myr old clusters.Comment: 35 pages, 6 tables, 21 figures; Accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journa
Privacy and Cloud Computing in Public Schools
Today, data driven decision-making is at the center of educational policy debates in the United States. School districts are increasingly turning to rapidly evolving technologies and cloud computing to satisfy their educational objectives and take advantage of new opportunities for cost savings, flexibility, and always-available service among others. As public schools in the United States rapidly adopt cloud-computing services, and consequently transfer increasing quantities of student information to third-party providers, privacy issues become more salient and contentious. The protection of student privacy in the context of cloud computing is generally unknown both to the public and to policy-makers. This study thus focuses on K-12 public education and examines how school districts address privacy when they transfer student information to cloud computing service providers. The goals of the study are threefold: first, to provide a national picture of cloud computing in public schools; second, to assess how public schools address their statutory obligations as well as generally accepted privacy principles in their cloud service agreements; and, third, to make recommendations based on the findings to improve the protection of student privacy in the context of cloud computing. Fordham CLIP selected a national sample of school districts including large, medium and small school systems from every geographic region of the country. Using state open public record laws, Fordham CLIP requested from each selected district all of the district’s cloud service agreements, notices to parents, and computer use policies for teachers. All of the materials were then coded against a checklist of legal obligations and privacy norms. The purpose for this coding was to enable a general assessment and was not designed to provide a compliance audit of any school district nor of any particular vendor.https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/clip/1001/thumbnail.jp
Privacy and Cloud Computing in Public Schools
Today, data driven decision-making is at the center of educational policy debates in the United States. School districts are increasingly turning to rapidly evolving technologies and cloud computing to satisfy their educational objectives and take advantage of new opportunities for cost savings, flexibility, and always-available service among others. As public schools in the United States rapidly adopt cloud-computing services, and consequently transfer increasing quantities of student information to third-party providers, privacy issues become more salient and contentious. The protection of student privacy in the context of cloud computing is generally unknown both to the public and to policy-makers. This study thus focuses on K-12 public education and examines how school districts address privacy when they transfer student information to cloud computing service providers. The goals of the study are threefold: first, to provide a national picture of cloud computing in public schools; second, to assess how public schools address their statutory obligations as well as generally accepted privacy principles in their cloud service agreements; and, third, to make recommendations based on the findings to improve the protection of student privacy in the context of cloud computing. Fordham CLIP selected a national sample of school districts including large, medium and small school systems from every geographic region of the country. Using state open public record laws, Fordham CLIP requested from each selected district all of the district’s cloud service agreements, notices to parents, and computer use policies for teachers. All of the materials were then coded against a checklist of legal obligations and privacy norms. The purpose for this coding was to enable a general assessment and was not designed to provide a compliance audit of any school district nor of any particular vendor.https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/clip/1001/thumbnail.jp
Privacy and Cloud Computing in Public Schools
Today, data driven decision-making is at the center of educational policy debates in the United States. School districts are increasingly turning to rapidly evolving technologies and cloud computing to satisfy their educational objectives and take advantage of new opportunities for cost savings, flexibility, and always-available service among others. As public schools in the United States rapidly adopt cloud-computing services, and consequently transfer increasing quantities of student information to third-party providers, privacy issues become more salient and contentious. The protection of student privacy in the context of cloud computing is generally unknown both to the public and to policy-makers. This study thus focuses on K-12 public education and examines how school districts address privacy when they transfer student information to cloud computing service providers. The goals of the study are threefold: first, to provide a national picture of cloud computing in public schools; second, to assess how public schools address their statutory obligations as well as generally accepted privacy principles in their cloud service agreements; and, third, to make recommendations based on the findings to improve the protection of student privacy in the context of cloud computing. Fordham CLIP selected a national sample of school districts including large, medium and small school systems from every geographic region of the country. Using state open public record laws, Fordham CLIP requested from each selected district all of the district’s cloud service agreements, notices to parents, and computer use policies for teachers. All of the materials were then coded against a checklist of legal obligations and privacy norms. The purpose for this coding was to enable a general assessment and was not designed to provide a compliance audit of any school district nor of any particular vendor.https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/clip/1001/thumbnail.jp
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