Estructura del régimen de precipitación de la ciudad de Buenos Aires

Los objetivos fundamentales hacia los que apunta este trabajo son: sintetizar el régimen anual y el estacional de la lluvia en Buenos Aires y relacionarlos en otras investigaciones futuras, con los correspondientes regímenes de otras variables (presión, humedad). Se supone que tanto la lluvia mensual como la anual de Buenos Aires (34° 35'S, 58° 29'W) están representadas por la serie de precipitación mensual del Observatorio Central en cuanto á algunas propiedades de interés climático. Mediante las características del espectro de Fourier se discriminan los posibles grupos o tipos de marchas anuales. Se analiza la eficacia de distintos filtros de la onda anual. Los resultados muestran que las series de lluvias mensuales de cada año se pueden agrupar por medio del armónico que explica la mayor varianza. No obstante, al aumentar las discriminaciones incluyendo el segundo armónico en orden de importancia respecto a la varianza explicada, se manifiestan signos de sobreclasificación. Se encuentra que las diferentes componentes de los grupos no están asociadas a características de la lluvia anual, tales como ocurrencia de años máximos o mínimos. Esto implicaría que el tipo de lluvia en el año, no puede ser identificado con los espectros de Fourier aplicados a la serie de lluvias mensuales o que la variabilidad de esta estructura hace que la probabilidad de repetición de una marcha anual (filtrada la onda anual) sea baja.The main objectives toward which this paper is directed are: to define a synthesis of the annual and seasonal regimes of rainfall in Buenos Aires and to relate it a posteriori with the corresponding in other variables (pressure, humidity). It is assumed that mensual and annual rainfalls in Buenos Aires (34° 35' S, 589 29'W) are represented by a series of the Central Observatory in matter of some structures of climatologic interest. Possible groups or types of annual variation discriminated by means of their Fourier spectrum characteristics in a 123 years period were investigated. Furthermore, the influence and efficiency of distinct filters of the annual cycle were analyzed. The results show that monthly series of each year may be grouped by means of the harmonic which explains the greatest variance. Notwithstanding, when increasing discriminations, by including the second harmonic in order of importance with respect to the explained variance, signs of overclassification are perceived. The different structures implied by the groups are not associated by particular characteristics of the annual rainfall, such as ocurrence of maximum and minumum years. This would imply that the type of year according to its annual total cannot be discriminated with Fourier spectra or that the variability of this structure determines that the probability of the repetition of an annual variation, filtered the annual cycle, is low.Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

PELANGGARAN HAK LINTAS NAVIGASI OLEH PESAWAT ASING DI RUANG UDARA TERITORIAL INDONESIA

Setiap negara memiliki kedaulatan atas ruang udara di atasnya, sehingga bagi siapapun yang melintas di ruang udara negara tersebut harus mematuhi peraturan yang berlaku termasuk bagi pesawat asing yang melintasi ruang udara tersebut. Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang memiliki Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) yang juga mengatur mengenai ruang udara di atasnya. Pesawat asing dapat melintasi ruang udara Indonesia namun harus memiliki izin terlebih dahulu, jika tidak maka Indonesia dapat mengenakan sanksi baginya. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua rumusan masalah yaitu: 1) Apa saja faktor penyebab terjadinya pelanggaran hak lintas navigasi oleh pesawat militer asing di atas Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI); dan 2) Bagaimanakah solusi untuk mengatasi pelanggaran hak lintas navigasi oleh pesawat militer asing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris yaitu penelitian dengan pendekatan kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan pada Komando Pertahanan Udara Nasional (KOHANUDNAS). Selanjutnya dari penelitian ini yang menjadi faktor penyebab terjadinya pelanggaran di ruang udara Indonesia adalah keterbatasan fasilitas dan peraturan sebelumnya yang belum berlaku secara efektif. Kata Kunci: pelanggaran hak lintas navigasi, pesawat militer asing, ruang udara teritorial Indonesia, ALKI

PARÂMETROS HEMATOLÓGICOS, FUNÇÃO RENAL E HEPÁTICA DE CÃES DA RAÇA DOGUE ALEMÃO EM CRESCIMENTO SUPERALIMENTADOS

Uma dieta apropriada é importante e os erros nutricionais podem ter consequências irreparáveis. Atualmente, a obesidade é a doença nutricional mais comum em cães, com prevalência de 16%. Em cães, o nível de atividade física, composição dietética, sabor do alimento e estilo de vida são os fatores mais importantes que contribuem para a obesidade. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no sentido de avaliar os efeitos da superalimentação na bioquímica clínica e hematologia de filhotes saudáveis. Foram estudados 14 cães da raça Dogue Alemão, machos, 10 semanas de idade, durante 27 semanas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos, sete repetições e seis meses de duração. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de dieta super prêmio ofertada à vontade (GI) (tratamento 1) e com quantidade restrita (GII) (tratamento 2). Procedeu-se a avaliação da bioquímica sanguínea e urinária e a determinação dos parâmetros hematológicos. Constatou-se que filhotes superalimentados apresentaram elevações séricas de alfa1 globulina e menores valores de beta globulina, gama globulina, ALT, ALP e creatinina. No hemograma observaram-se maiores valores de linfócitos e menores valores no eritrograma. O índice proteína urinária: creatinina urinária não apresentou diferença entre os tratamentos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Alimentação à vontade; canino; hematologia; parâmetros bioquímicos

The genetic ancestry of American Creole cattle inferred from uniparental and autosomal genetic markers

Cattle imported from the Iberian Peninsula spread throughout America in the early years of discovery and colonization to originate Creole breeds, which adapted to a wide diversity of environments and later received influences from other origins, including zebu cattle in more recent years. We analyzed uniparental genetic markers and autosomal microsatellites in DNA samples from 114 cattle breeds distributed worldwide, including 40 Creole breeds representing the whole American continent, and samples from the Iberian Peninsula, British islands, Continental Europe, Africa and American zebu. We show that Creole breeds differ considerably from each other, and most have their own identity or group with others from neighboring regions. Results with mtDNA indicate that T1c-lineages are rare in Iberia but common in Africa and are well represented in Creoles from Brazil and Colombia, lending support to a direct African influence on Creoles. This is reinforced by the sharing of a unique Y-haplotype between cattle from Mozambique and Creoles from Argentina. Autosomal microsatellites indicate that Creoles occupy an intermediate position between African and European breeds, and some Creoles show a clear Iberian signature. Our results confirm the mixed ancestry of American Creole cattle and the role that African cattle have played in their development

The genetic ancestry of american creole cattle inferred from uniparental and autosomal genetic markers.

Cattle imported from the Iberian Peninsula spread throughout America in the early years of discovery and colonization to originate Creole breeds, which adapted to a wide diversity of environments and later received influences from other origins, including zebu cattle in more recent years. We analyzed uniparental genetic markers and autosomal microsatellites in DNA samples from 114 cattle breeds distributed worldwide, including 40 Creole breeds representing the whole American continent, and samples from the Iberian Peninsula, British islands, Continental Europe, Africa and American zebu. We show that Creole breeds differ considerably from each other, and most have their own identity or group with others from neighboring regions. Results with mtDNA indicate that T1c-lineages are rare in Iberia but common in Africa and are well represented in Creoles from Brazil and Colombia, lending support to a direct African influence on Creoles. This is reinforced by the sharing of a unique Y-haplotype between cattle from Mozambique and Creoles from Argentina. Autosomal microsatellites indicate that Creoles occupy an intermediate position between African and European breeds, and some Creoles show a clear Iberian signature. Our results confirm the mixed ancestry of American Creole cattle and the role that African cattle have played in their development