Neutral semi-purified glycerin in starting pigs feeding

A glicerina é o principal coproduto da produção do biodiesel, e é proposta sua utilização como uma fonte de alto potencial energético na alimentação de suínos. No entanto é necessário determinar seu valor nutricional da glicerina semi-purificada neutralizada (GSPN). Neste estudo, foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de determinar o valor nutricional, avaliar o desempenho e a viabilidade econômica de leitões alimentados com GSPN. O ensaio de digestibilidade (Experimento I) foi conduzido utilizando 30 suínos mestiços com peso vivo médio inicial de 42,91 ± 1,58 kg. Os níveis de substituição da ração referência pela glicerina foram 4, 8, 12 e 16%. Os valores de energia digestível (ED) e metabolizável (EM) das glicerinas foram estimados pela análise de regressão do consumo de ED e EM (kcal/kg) associada com a glicerina vs. consumo de glicerina (kg). Os valores de ED e EM (kcal/ kg), na matéria natural, obtidos foram de: 3.298 e 2.531 kcal/kg respectivamente. No experimento II, 100 leitões (50 fêmeas e 50 machos cadastros) com peso vivo inicial de 15,14±0,06 a 30,28±0,65 kg) foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro níveis de inclusão (3,5; 7,0; 10,5 e 14%), dez repetições e dois leitões por unidade experimental. Adicionalmente, foi formulada uma ração testemunha, não contendo glicerina (0%). Os resultados sugerem que é viável a utilização em até 14 %, na ração de leitões na fase inicial, sem prejuízos no desempenho e variáveis plasmáticas.Glycerin is a major co-product resulting from biodiesel production, and it has been proposed as a highenergy source for use in swine diets. However, it is necessary to determine the nutritional value of neutral semi-purified glycerin (NSPG). In this study two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value, evaluated the performance and economic feasibility of starting piglets fed on neutral semi-purified glycerin. A digestibility trial (Experiment I) was conducted using 30 crossbred barrows with an initial average body weight of 42.91±1.58 kg. The glycerin levels used in the digestibility assay were 4, 8, 12 and 16% of the basal diet (corn + soybean meal based). The digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy values of glycerin were estimated by regression of DE and ME (kcal/kg) intake associated with glycerin vs. glycerin intake (kg). The values (as-fed-basis) of DE and ME (kcal/ kg) obtained were 3,298 and 2,531, respectively. In Experiment II, 100 piglets (50 gilts and 50 barrows) with BW = 15.14±0.06 to 30.28±0.65 were allotted in a randomized design using four inclusion levels (3.5, 7.0, 10.5 and 14%) of NSPG. There were ten replicates with two piglets per experimental unit. Additionally, a control diet containing no glycerin (0%) was formulated. The results show it is feasible to use up to 14% NSPG in piglet feed without impairing performance and plasma chemistry

PERFORMANCE AND QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CARCASS TRAITS IN PIGS FED ON CANOLA MEAL

Two experiments were performed for the purpose of determining the nutritional value and assess the performance and carcass traits in pigs fed on canola meal (Brassica napus). Experiment I consisted of a total digestibility trial conducted with 14 castrated commercial crossbred male pigs with 60.69 ± 4.26 kg initial live weight. The treatments consisted of a control diet based on maize and soybean meal and another diet containing canola meal (control + 25% canola meal). Each pig was an experimental unit, totalling seven experimental units per diet. The digestible energy and the metabolizable energy of canola meal used was 2,999 and 2,730 kcal.kg-1, respectively. These values were used to formulate the diets of the performance experiment. Experiment II included 50 crossbred pigs with an average initial live weight of 29.90 ± 1.16 kg and an average final live weight of 60.33 ± 3.38 kg during the growing phase, and an average initial live weight of 60.37 ± 1.6 kg and an average final live weight of 90.37 ± 3.19 kg during the finishing phase. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with four treatments (6, 12, 18, and 24% canola meal), 10 repetitions, and one pig per experimental unit. The control diet was formulated with 0% canola meal. The data were assessed using ANOVA test and the averages of the treatments were compared using Dunnett's test and regression analysis at a 5% probability level. The results suggest that it is possible to use up to 24% canola meal in the diets for pigs during the growing and finishing phases without affecting the performance and carcass traits

<b>Semipurified glycerins on starting piglets feeding‏ (15-30 kg)</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v35i2.17264

<p class="aresumo">The nutritional value and the performance of piglets fed on diets with semipurified glycerin (SPGV) and mixed (SPGM) vegetable oil was determined and evaluated. Thirty-two crossbred piglets, allotted in a completely randomized block design, were used in the digestibility trial. Two types of glycerin (SPGV and SPGM) and three levels of diet (4, 8 and 12%) were studied. The experimental unit consisted of one piglet. Glycerins’ metabolizable energy (ME) was estimated by regression of ME (kcal kg^-1) intake associated with glycerin <em>vs</em>. glycerin intake (kg). ME as-feed-basis rates were 3,373 for SPGV and 2,932 for SPGM, or rather, the glycerins are highly available energy source for piglets. In the performance trial, 90 piglets were allotted in a completely randomized blocks design in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, two glycerins, four levels (3, 6, 9 and 12%), five replicates (pens) and two piglets per pen. A control diet with no glycerin (0%) was additionally formulated. Since no effect of glycerin inclusion on pig performance occurred, it was feasible to use up to 12% of both types of glycerin on piglets feeding.</p> <p class="apalavrachave"> </p> <p class="aTitulodoArtigo"> </p

Opinião pública e política externa do Brasil do Império a João Goulart: um balanço historiográfico

Este artigo avalia a relação existente entre opinião pública e política externa no Brasil, desde o Império, em que se evidenciam os interesses das elites letradas enunciados no Parlamento, até a presidência de Jânio Quadros, quando se verifica o apogeu do populismo no Brasil. Procura estabelecer quais eram as correntes de opinião expressa que representavam a política externa nos diversos períodos da historiografia brasileira de relações internacionais. Pretende, também, avaliar a extensão da repercussão que teria a política internacional brasileira sobre a opinião nacional no mesmo período.<br>The purpose of this article is to evaluate the rapport between public opinion and Brazilian foreign policy. It proposes a historiographic analysis of the period going from the country's independence to the apogee of populism under João Goulart's presidency. It also aims to determine the groups which most evidently represented public opinion in the various periods of Brazilian history of international relations, as well as the importance of their expressed points of view in relation to the foreign policy decision-making process. Also pertinent is the comprehension of the impact which international relations may have had in society in the same period