Local social-ecological context explains seasonal rural-rural migration of the poorest in south-west Bangladesh

International audienceBangladesh is one of the countries most affected by climate change. Internal migration is often presented as a response to environmental degradation. Here, using a people-centred perspective, we explore the complexity of the links between climate-induced change, environmental degradation caused by waterlogging and seasonal rural migration. We used an inductive qualitative approach in social sciences, conducting fourteen semi-directed interviews and six focus group discussions in March-April 2022. We related those results to a rainfall analysis on CHIRPS data for 1981-2021and we represented interactions and feedback between changes and livelihoods in a model. A complex picture of the situation is emerging, showing the interweaving effects of non-climatic and climatic changes, their interplay at different scales, their cumulative effects, the interactions between livelihood types and feedback between social and natural systems. Most of the climate-induced changes gradually become noticeable over the past 25 years. Climate data confirm these changes in recent decades, with July being wetter and January being dryer. Villagers reported waterlogging as the most significant change in their community, pointing to its multiple causes, originating in non-local and local, non-climatic anthropic changes, exacerbated by shrimp farm enclosures and worsened by climate-induced changes such as heavier rains, wetter monsoons and cyclones. Tiger prawn farms, reported as a lucrative and local adaptation to waterlogging and salinisation for the ones who can afford it, worsen the situation for the less wealthy, causing waterlogging and salinisation of the adjacent agricultural lands and buildings, the disappearance of traditional fishing and a reduction of the local job market. In addition, erratic rain patterns, droughts and cyclones affect local production and labour markets. COVID-19 lockdowns, by impacting markets and mobilities, further aggravated the situation. Inequality has increased as the range of adaptations of the less wealthy appears limited in this context of multiple crises

Local social-ecological context explains seasonal rural-rural migration of the poorest in a rural community in southwestern Bangladesh.

Bangladesh is one of the countries most affected by climate change. Internal migration is often presented as a response to environmental degradation in rural areas. Here, we hypothesise that climate-induced changes and adaptations impact local production and the local labour market, seasonally pushing out unskilled landless workers. We focus on different categories of livelihoods and their interactions to understand the local socio-ecological context for unskilled landless workers. We conducted fourteen semi-directed interviews and six focus group discussions with villagers in March-April 2022. We use a configurational approach considering changes>impacts> responses>impacts of responses to analyse our data for agricultural farmers, fish farmers, independent fishermen and unskilled workers. We conducted rainfall analysis on Chirps data for 1981-2021 to confront perception of changes to climate data.Villagers reported that waterlogging was the most significant change. Covid-19 lockdowns were cited as an aggravating factor. Most climate-induced changes began to occur gradually over the past 25 years. Climate data compared with emic perception confirm these results. We find that changes, particularly climate-induced changes, increase local inequalities. The shift in land use to fish farming, partly driven by the motivation to adapt to waterlogging and salinisation, increases the waterlogging problem locally. As a result, farms are submerged, production is lost, and fewer jobs are available locally. Smallholder farmers suffer more than wealthier farmers and have more difficulty covering the losses associated with these changes and the costs associated with adaptations. Fishermen are converting to unskilled work, and unskilled and landless workers migrate to other rural destinations for labour

Healthcare system resilience in Bangladesh and Haiti in times of global changes (climate-related events, migration and Covid-19): an interdisciplinary mixed method research protocol

International audienceBackground: Since climate change, pandemics and population mobility are challenging healthcare systems, an empirical and integrative research to studying and help improving the health systems resilience is needed. We present an interdisciplinary and mixed-methods research protocol, ClimHB, focusing on vulnerable localities in Bangladesh and Haiti, two countries highly sensitive to global changes. We develop a protocol studying the resilience of the healthcare system at multiple levels in the context of climate change and variability, population mobility and the Covid-19 pandemic, both from an institutional and community perspective. Methods: The conceptual framework designed is based on a combination of Levesque's Health Access Framework and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office's Resilience Framework to address both outputs and the processes of resilience of healthcare systems. It uses a mixed-method sequential exploratory research design combining multi-sites and longitudinal approaches. Forty clusters spread over four sites will be studied to understand the importance of context, involving more than 40 healthcare service providers and 2000 households to be surveyed. We will collect primary data through questionnaires, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, focus groups and participatory filming. We will also use secondary data on environmental events sensitive to climate change and potential health risks, healthcare providers' functioning and organisation. Statistical analyses will include event-history analyses, development of composite indices, multilevel modelling and spatial analyses. Discussion: This research will generate inter-disciplinary evidence and thus, through knowledge transfer activities, contribute to research on low and middle-income countries (LMIC) health systems and global changes and will better inform decision-makers and populations

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Des courtisanes et danseuses grecques de Lucien de Samosate aux maîtres à danser italiens de la Renaissance qui façonnent les corps des militaires de l’aristocratie, du vedettariat féminin de l’Opéra de la Monarchie de Juillet jusqu’aux femmes chorégraphes invisibles des théâtres du Bengale colonial, du tango à Téhéran dans les années 1940 aux fêtes populaires maghrébines de la France d’aujourd’hui, ce numéro de Clio-Femmes, Genre, Histoire, dirigé par Elizabeth Claire et coordonné par Florence Rochefort et Michelle Zancarini-Fournel, propose d’explorer la danse au croisement d’autres pratiques sociales et culturelles – l’éducation, la religion, la politique, la prostitution, les arts visuels, la science, la morale. La danse est abordée au sens large, à partir de tout un ensemble de pratiques, d’objets et de représentations que produit une société donnée, à une époque donnée et qui nous informent sur l’histoire du corps et du genre incorporée par la danse