The changes in chemical composition during development of the bovine nuchal ligament

Whole bovine nuchal ligaments, or portions thereof (in the case of commercially valuable animals), were obtained from 45 animals (28 fetal and 17 postnatal) ranging in age from 110 days of gestation to 10 yr. Insoluble elastin was quantitatively prepared from the fresh ligaments by extraction with hot alkali and by a combination of multiple extractions with alkaline buffer and then repeated autoclaving. When adult samples were examined, the yields of insoluble residue by these two methods were very similar, but with young fetal samples the second method gave significantly higher values, because of incomplete purification of the elastin residue. The changes in the concentration of collagen, alkali-insoluble elastin, and DNA have been examined. DNA concentration, and, thus, cell population density, fell progressively during the fetal period of development, to reach a steady value soon after birth. Collagen appeared in appreciable quantities before elastin, but its concentration was rapidly halved at about the time of birth. Insoluble elastin concentration was low until the end of the 7th fetal month, at which time it began to rise rapidly. The rate of increase in elastin concentration remained high throughout the next 10–12 wk, by which time the adult value had been reached. Quantitative studies, on the basis of the whole ligament, showed that the total cell content rises to a maximum at birth, but falls soon after to a level about half that at birth. Total collagen production and elastin deposition continue at a steady, maximal rate over the interval from 235 days of gestation to the end of the 1st postnatal month. It is concluded that the immediate postnatal period would be the most favorable phase in which to attempt the isolation of the soluble precursor elastin

Results of investigations on an 0.015-scale 140A/B configuration of the Rockwell International space shuttle orbiter (model 49-O) in the NASA/Ames Research Center 3.5-foot hypersonic wind tunnel (OA36)

The results of wind tunnel tests of the 140A/B configuration components are reported for the fuselage, canopy, elevons, bodyflaps, pods, engine nozzles, rudder, vertical tail, and wing. The test facility, and data reduction procedures are described. Test results for each component are graphed, and tabulated source data are included

Interaction Between Intellectual Disability and Cerebral Palsy on the Co-Occurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Epilepsy

Intellectual disability (ID) is possibly a reason for the higher co-occurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children with epilepsy. Cerebral Palsy (CP) has also been found to co-occur with ASD (6.9%-hypotonic, 18.4%-spastic subtype) and with epilepsy (41%), but it is unclear if the co-occurrence of ASD and epilepsy varies by the presence of both, ID and CP. The purpose of this study to evaluate effect modification of CP and ID on ASD-epilepsy co-occurrence

Results of tests of a 0.010- and 0.015-scale models of space shuttle orbiter configurations 3 and 3A in the Ames Research Center 3.5 foot hypersonic wind tunnel (OA23)

Longitudinal and lateral-directional stability and control characteristics were evaluated at Mach numbers of 5.3, 7.3 and 10.3 at angles of attack up to 50 degrees with Beta = 0 degrees and, for a few cases, Beta = 5 degrees. Component force data, fuselage base pressures and shadowgraph patterns were recorded

Towards a virtual comminution machine

Towards the end of the 1990s readily available personal computers became sufficiently powerful - when combined with an efficient numerical code - to use discrete element modelling (DEM) in two dimensions for models involving a few hundred to a few thousand particles in commercially available packages. Some proprietary codes reported up to 200,000 particles [Herbst, J.A., Nordell, L., 2001. Optimization of the design of sag mill internals using high fidelity simulation. In: Vancouver, B.C., Barratt, D.J., Allan, M.J., Mular, A.L. (Eds.), Proceedings of the SAG Conference, University of British Columbia, IV, 150-164; Cleary, P.W., 2001a. Charge behaviour and power consumption in ball mills: Sensitivity to mill operating conditions, liner geometry and charge composition. Int. J. Min. Process. 63, 79-114 and Cleary, P.W., 2001b. Recent advances in DEM modelling of tumbling mills. Minerals Eng. 14, 1295-1319]. In early 2000, JKMRC and CSIRO-MIS agreed to an informal collaboration with the objective of testing various DEM approaches against detailed process measurements. The initial collaboration demonstrated that 3D-DEM using spheres was sufficiently realistic for flow patterns and power estimation within tumbling mills. The results were reported in papers which were presented at SAG 2001 and in the technical literature [Morrison, R.D., Cleary, P.W., Valery, W., 2001. Comparing power and performance trends from DEM and JK modelling. SAG 2001, Department of Mining and Minerals Process Engineering. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 284-300; Cleary, P.W., Morrison, R., Morrell, S., 2003. Comparison of DEM and experiment for a scale model SAG mill. Int. J. Min. Process. 68, 129-165]. The commencement of the CRC for Sustainable Resource Processing in 2003 provided an opportunity to formalize the collaboration and bring increased resources to bear. The objective of this collaboration is to develop a virtual comminution machine (VCM). The VCM will allow a comminution machine design which exists as a suitably detailed design in a 3D Computer aided design file (CAD) to simulate processing an ore (which has been characterised by suitable test work) to predict progeny, power consumption, wear and even machine component loadings. This paper reports on the substantial progress made to date towards a practical Virtual Comminution Machine

Attenuated Codon Optimality Contributes to Neural-Specific mRNA Decay in Drosophila.

Tissue-specific mRNA stability is important for cell fate and physiology, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We found that zygotic mRNA stability in Drosophila correlates with codon content: optimal codons are enriched in stable transcripts associated with metabolic functions like translation, while non-optimal codons are enriched in unstable transcripts, including those associated with neural development. Bioinformatic analyses and reporter assays revealed that similar codons stabilize or destabilize mRNAs in the nervous system and other tissues, but the link between codon content and stability is attenuated in the nervous system. We confirmed that optimal codons are decoded by abundant tRNAs while non-optimal codons are decoded by less abundant tRNAs in embryos and in the nervous system. We conclude that codon optimality is a general determinant of zygotic mRNA stability, and attenuation of codon optimality allows trans-acting factors to exert greater influence over mRNA decay in the nervous system

Cultivating Community and Wellness in Honors

The 2019 National Collegiate Honors Council Conference in New Orleans was a beneficial experience for our honors program here at Governors State University. It was a fantastic opportunity for us to speak with other honors student council members from all across the Nation. These other honors programs have established impactful learning opportunities that have greatly increased the involvement in their honors community. As a relatively new honors program, we are looking into new ways of implementing opportunities in the community of Governors State University. Our goal during our time here at Governors State University is to build a stronger community by engaging all honors students to be actively involved in events that we create. We will do this by setting up more community service opportunities, creating mindfulness activities, and more frequent retreats to take learning outside of the classroom

Case reports as a resource for teaching and learning

Editorial: Case reports allow students to engage with real clinical scenarios, and to contemplate the decision-making and actions of the treating team. However, in addition to the focus on health issues, case reports can be used to stimulate students in considering the wider social, cultural, political, and economic issues that may contribute to and impact on the health status of an individual. This can then be used as a lens to consider issues more broadly