1,505 research outputs found
Estimation of time delay by coherence analysis
Using coherence analysis (which is an extensively used method to study the
correlations in frequency domain, between two simultaneously measured signals)
we estimate the time delay between two signals. This method is suitable for
time delay estimation of narrow band coherence signals for which the
conventional methods cannot be reliably applied. We show by analysing coupled
R\"ossler attractors with a known delay, that the method yields satisfactory
results. Then, we apply this method to human pathologic tremor. The delay
between simultaneously measured traces of Electroencephalogram (EEG) and
Electromyogram (EMG) data of subjects with essential hand tremor is calculated.
We find that there is a delay of 11-27 milli-seconds () between the tremor
correlated parts (cortex) of the brain (EEG) and the trembling hand (EMG) which
is in agreement with the experimentally observed delay value of 15 for the
cortico-muscular conduction time. By surrogate analysis we calculate error-bars
of the estimated delay.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, elstart.cls file included. Accepted for
publication in Physica
Stability borders of feedback control of delayed measured systems
When stabilization of unstable periodic orbits or fixed points by the method
given by Ott, Grebogi and Yorke (OGY) has to be based on a measurement delayed
by orbit lengths, the performance of unmodified OGY method is expected
to decline. For experimental considerations, it is desired to know the range of
stability with minimal knowledge of the system. We find that unmodified OGY
control fails beyond a maximal Ljapunov number of
. In this paper the area of stability is
investigated both for OGY control of known fixed points and for difference
control of unknown or inaccurately known fixed points. An estimated value of
the control gain is given. Finally we outline what extensions have to be
considered if one wants to stabilize fixed points with Ljapunov numbers above
.Comment: 5 pages LaTeX using revtex and epsfig (4 figs included). Revised
versio
Comparing realistic subthalamic nucleus neuron models
The mechanism of action of clinically effective electrical high frequency stimulation is still under debate. However, recent evidence points at the specific activation of GABA-ergic ion channels. Using a computational approach, we analyze temporal properties of the spike trains emitted by biologically realistic neurons of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) as a function of GABA-ergic synaptic input conductances. Our contribution is based on a model proposed by Rubin and Terman and exhibits a wide variety of different firing patterns, silent, low spiking, moderate spiking and intense spiking activity. We observed that most of the cells in our network turn to silent mode when we increase the GABAA input conductance above the threshold of 3.75 mS/cm2. On the other hand, insignificant changes in firing activity are observed when the input conductance is low or close to zero. We thus reproduce Rubin's model with vanishing synaptic conductances. To quantitatively compare spike trains from the original model with the modified model at different conductance levels, we apply four different (dis)similarity measures between them. We observe that Mahalanobis distance, Victor-Purpura metric, and Interspike Interval distribution are sensitive to different firing regimes, whereas Mutual Information seems undiscriminative for these functional changes
Analysis of the loop length distribution for the negative weight percolation problem in dimensions d=2 through 6
We consider the negative weight percolation (NWP) problem on hypercubic
lattice graphs with fully periodic boundary conditions in all relevant
dimensions from d=2 to the upper critical dimension d=6. The problem exhibits
edge weights drawn from disorder distributions that allow for weights of either
sign. We are interested in in the full ensemble of loops with negative weight,
i.e. non-trivial (system spanning) loops as well as topologically trivial
("small") loops. The NWP phenomenon refers to the disorder driven proliferation
of system spanning loops of total negative weight. While previous studies where
focused on the latter loops, we here put under scrutiny the ensemble of small
loops. Our aim is to characterize -using this extensive and exhaustive
numerical study- the loop length distribution of the small loops right at and
below the critical point of the hypercubic setups by means of two independent
critical exponents. These can further be related to the results of previous
finite-size scaling analyses carried out for the system spanning loops. For the
numerical simulations we employed a mapping of the NWP model to a combinatorial
optimization problem that can be solved exactly by using sophisticated matching
algorithms. This allowed us to study here numerically exact very large systems
with high statistics.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, paper summary available at
http://www.papercore.org/Kajantie2000. arXiv admin note: substantial text
overlap with arXiv:1003.1591, arXiv:1005.5637, arXiv:1107.174
A revised distance to IRAS 162932422 from VLBA astrometry of associated water masers
IRAS 16293-2422 is a very well studied young stellar system seen in
projection towards the L1689N cloud in the Ophiuchus complex. However, its
distance is still uncertain with a range of values from 120 pc to 180 pc. Our
goal is to measure the trigonometric parallax of this young star by means of
HO maser emission. We use archival data from 15 epochs of VLBA observations
of the 22.2 GHz water maser line. By modeling the displacement on the sky of
the HO maser spots, we derived a trigonometric parallax of mas,
corresponding to a distance of pc. This new distance is in
good agreement with recent values obtained for other magnetically active young
stars in the L1689 cloud. We relate the kinematics of these masers with the
outflows and the recent ejections powered by source A in the system.Comment: 14 pages, 6 tables, 8 figures. Accepted to be published in Astronomy
\& Astrophysic
Urbanization impacts on the climate in Europe: Numerical experiments by the PSU-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5)
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of urban land on the climate in Europe on local and regional scales. Effects of urban land cover on the climate are isolated using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) with a modified land surface scheme based on the Town Energy Budget model. Two model scenarios represent responses of climate to different states of urbanization in Europe: 1) no urban areas and 2) urban land in the actual state in the beginning of the twenty-first century. By comparing the simulations of these contrasting scenarios, spatial differences in near-surface temperature and precipitation are quantified. Simulated near-surface temperatures and an urban heat island for January and July over a period of 6 yr (2000-05) agree well with corresponding measurements at selected urban areas. The conversion of rural to urban land results in statistically significant changes to precipitation and near-surface temperature over areas of the land cover perturbations. The diurnal temperature range in urbanized regions was reduced on average by 1.26 degrees +/- 0.71 degrees C in summer and by 0.73 degrees +/- 00.54 degrees C in winter. Inclusion of urban areas results in an increase of urban precipitation in winter (0.09 +/- 00.16 mm day(-1)) and a precipitation reduction in summer (-0.05 +/- 0.22 mm day(-1)). [References: 49
Triggering up states in all-to-all coupled neurons
Slow-wave sleep in mammalians is characterized by a change of large-scale
cortical activity currently paraphrased as cortical Up/Down states. A recent
experiment demonstrated a bistable collective behaviour in ferret slices, with
the remarkable property that the Up states can be switched on and off with
pulses, or excitations, of same polarity; whereby the effect of the second
pulse significantly depends on the time interval between the pulses. Here we
present a simple time discrete model of a neural network that exhibits this
type of behaviour, as well as quantitatively reproduces the time-dependence
found in the experiments.Comment: epl Europhysics Letters, accepted (2010
A Precise Distance to IRAS 00420+5530 via H2O Maser Parallax with the VLBA
We have used the VLBA to measure the annual parallax of the H2O masers in the
star-forming region IRAS 00420+5530. This measurement yields a direct distance
estimate of 2.17 +/- 0.05 kpc (<3%), which disagrees substantially with the
standard kinematic distance estimate of ~4.6 kpc (according to the rotation
curve of Brand and Blitz 1993), as well as most of the broad range of distances
(1.7-7.7 kpc) used in various astrophysical analyses in the literature. The
3-dimensional space velocity of IRAS 00420+5530 at this new, more accurate
distance implies a substantial non-circular and anomalously slow Galactic
orbit, consistent with similar observations of W3(OH) (Xu et al., 2006;
Hachisuka et al. 2006), as well as line-of-sight velocity residuals in the
rotation curve analysis of Brand and Blitz (1993). The Perseus spiral arm of
the Galaxy is thus more than a factor of two closer than previously presumed,
and exhibits motions substantially at odds with axisymmetric models of the
rotating Galaxy.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figures; Accepted by ApJ (to appear March 2009
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