Quantum state conversion by cross-Kerr interaction

A generalized Mach-Zehnder-type interferometer equipped with cross-Kerr elements is proposed to convert N-photon truncated single-mode quantum states into (N+1)-mode single-photon states, which are suitable for further state manipulation by means of beam splitter arrays and ON/OFF-detections, and vice versa. Applications to the realization of unitary and non-unitary transformations, quantum state reconstruction, and quantum telemanipulation are studied.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, using a4.st

GPS scintillations associated with cusp dynamics and polar cap patches

This paper investigates the relative scintillation level associated with cusp dynamics (including precipitation, flow shears, etc.) with and without the formation of polar cap patches around the cusp inflow region by the EISCAT Svalbard radar (ESR) and two GPS scintillation receivers. A series of polar cap patches were observed by the ESR between 8:40 and 10:20 UT on December 3, 2011. The polar cap patches combined with the auroral dynamics were associated with a significantly higher GPS phase scintillation level (up to 0.6 rad) than those observed for the other two alternatives, i.e., cusp dynamics without polar cap patches, and polar cap patches without cusp aurora. The cusp auroral dynamics without plasma patches were indeed related to GPS phase scintillations at a moderate level (up to 0.3 rad). The polar cap patches away from the active cusp were associated with sporadic and moderate GPS phase scintillations (up to 0.2 rad). The main conclusion is that the worst global navigation satellite system space weather events on the dayside occur when polar cap patches enter the polar cap and are subject to particle precipitation and flow shears, which is analogous to the nightside when polar cap patches exit the polar cap and enter the auroral oval

The bend stiffness of S-DNA

We formulate and solve a two-state model for the elasticity of nicked, double-stranded DNA that borrows features from both the Worm Like Chain and the Bragg--Zimm model. Our model is computationally simple, and gives an excellent fit to recent experimental data through the entire overstretching transition. The fit gives the first value for the bending stiffness of the overstretched state as about 10 nm*kbt, a value quite different from either B-form or single-stranded DNA.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur

Adolescents and AIDS education: A role for school psychologists

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease that is affecting many people throughout the world (Ralston, 1988). The virus that causes AIDS is known as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS is considered the epidemic of our generation. It has tested scientific knowledge, questioned private values, and depleted our strength (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1993a). To face the many challenges that lie ahead, adolescents must have scientific, dependable information about HIV and AIDS (CDC, 1993b). AIDS was first reported in the United States in 1981 (Benza & Zumwalde, 1987; CDC, 1993a). By the end of 1992, more than 250,000 Americans had developed AIDS and more than 170,000 had died. In 1993 alone, it was estimated that 47,000 to 60,000 more Americans would die of AIDS and an estimated 40,000 to 80,000 becoming infected with the HIV virus. Presently, approximately 1,000,000 Americans are infected with HIV. That is nearly one American out of every 250(CDC, 1993a)

Television violence: An American and Japanese comparison

The purpose of this study was to examine the incidents of violence broadcast by American and Japanese television networks, as measured by the Index of Television Violence (ITV), to determine if they differed with respect to (a) the variation between the broadcast networks observed in each country, (b) the variation between the day observed in each country, (c) the variation between the day and the broadcast network observed, (d) the observed incidents of televised violence, and (e) the types of televised violence. Data were gathered from three national broadcast networks in each country on three alternate nights from the hours of 7:00 to 9:00 p .. m.--yielding 18 hours of examined television per country. Statistical analysis using chisquare indicates that there were differences between the number of incidents of televised violence shown on the three broadcast networks in the United States and differences between the number of incidents of televised violence shown on the three broadcast networks in Japan. In addition, differences were noted in both countries with respect to the day violence was televised. However, the two countries did not differ on the number and type of televised violence to property. Nonetheless, differences were found between the countries on the type of verbal violence to people and on the number of incidents of nonverbal violence to people. The observed variations may be explained by the limited sample of hours that were observed. This study provided comparisons of television violence between the two countries. Implied is that on Saturday, when children are likely to be watching, the broadcast networks are showing more violence. Further, in the United States viewers are subjected to issues which are addressed with raised voices, whereas in Japan, issues are addressed using a normal voice tone. In addition, in the United States viewers are being subjected to television programs which portray using physical violence. Future research is needed to compare cross-cultural components of television violence