7,409 research outputs found
Dual differential interferometer
A dual two-beam differential interferometer that measures both the amplitude and orientation of propagating, broadband surface acoustic waves is disclosed. Four beams are focused on a surface. The four reflected beams are separated into two pairs. The two pairs are detected to produce two signals that are used to compute amplitude and orientation
Microscopic calculation of the phonon dynamics of SrRuO compared with LaCuO
The phonon dynamics of the low-temperature superconductor SrRuO
is calculated quantitatively in linear response theory and compared with the
structurally isomorphic high-temperature superconductor LaCuO. Our
calculation corrects for a typical deficit of LDA-based calculations which
always predict a too large electronic -dispersion insufficient to
describe the c-axis response in the real materials. With a more realistic
computation of the electronic band structure the frequency and wavevector
dependent irreducible polarization part of the density response function is
determined and used for adiabatic and nonadiabatic phonon calculations. Our
analysis for SrRuO reveals important differences from the lattice
dynamics of - and -doped cuprates. Consistent with experimental evidence
from inelastic neutron scattering the anomalous doping related softening of the
strongly coupling high-frequency oxygen bond-stretching modes (OBSM) which is
generic for the cuprate superconductors is largely suppressed or completely
absent, respectively, depending on the actual value of the on-site Coulomb
repulsion of the Ru4d orbitals. Also the presence of a characteristic
-mode with a very steep dispersion coupling strongly with the
electrons is missing in SrRuO. Moreover, we evaluate the
possibility of a phonon-plasmon scenario for SrRuO which has been
shown recently to be realistic for LaCuO. In contrast to
LaCuO in SrRuO the very low lying plasmons are
overdamped along the c-axis.Comment: 30 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables, 33 reference
Optical fiber interferometer for the study of ultrasonic waves in composite materials
The possibility of acoustic emission detection in composites using embedded optical fibers as sensing elements was investigated. Optical fiber interferometry, fiber acoustic sensitivity, fiber interferometer calibration, and acoustic emission detection are reported. Adhesive bond layer dynamical properties using ultrasonic interface waves, the design and construction of an ultrasonic transducer with a two dimensional Gaussian pressure profile, and the development of an optical differential technique for the measurement of surface acoustic wave particle displacements and propagation direction are also examined
Dynamic charge inhomogenity in cuprate superconductors
The inelastic x-ray scattering spectrum for phonons of -symmetry
including the CuO bond-stretching phonon dispersion is analyzed by a Lorentz
fit in HgBaCuO and BiSrCuO, respectively, using
recently calculated phonon frequencies as input parameters. The resulting mode
frequencies of the fit are almost all in good agreement with the calculated
data. An exception is the second highest -branch compromising the
bond-stretching modes which disagrees in both compounds with the calculations.
This branch unlike the calculations shows an anomalous softening with a minimum
around the wavevector \vc{q}=\frac{2\pi}{a}(0.25, 0, 0). Such a disparity
with the calculated results, that are based on the assumption of an undisturbed
translation- and point group invariant electronic structure of the CuO plane,
indicates some {\it static} charge inhomogenities in the measured probes. Most
likely these will be charge stripes along the CuO bonds which have the
strongest coupling to certain longitudinal bond-stretching modes that in turn
selfconsistently induce corresponding {\it dynamic} charge inhomogenities. The
symmetry breaking by the mix of dynamic and static charge inhomogenities can
lead to a reconstruction of the Fermi surface into small pockets.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
B stars as a diagnostic of star-formation at low and high redshift
We have extended the evolutionary synthesis models by Leitherer et al.
(1999b) by including a new library of B stars generated from the IUE
high-dispersion spectra archive. We present the library and show how the
stellar spectral properties vary according to luminosity classes and spectral
types. We have generated synthetic UV spectra for prototypical young stellar
populations varying the IMF and the star formation law. Clear signs of age
effects are seen in all models. The contribution of B stars in the UV line
spectrum is clearly detected, in particular for greater ages when O stars have
evolved. With the addition of the new library we are able to investigate the
fraction of stellar and interstellar contributions and the variation in the
spectral shapes of intense lines. We have used our models to date the spectrum
of the local super star cluster NGC1705-1. Photospheric lines of CIII1247,
SiIII1417, and SV1502 were used as diagnostics to date the burst of NGC 1705-1
at 10 Myr. We have selected the star-forming galaxy 1512-cB58 as a first
application of the new models to high-z galaxies. This galaxy is at z=2.723, it
is gravitationally lensed, and its high signal-to-noise Keck spectrum show
features typical of local starburst galaxies, such as NGC 1705-1. Models with
continuous star formation were found to be more adequate for 1512-cB58 since
there are spectral features typical of a composite stellar population of O and
B stars. A model with Z =0.4Z_solar and an IMF with alpha=2.8 reproduces the
stellar features of the 1512-cB58 spectrum.Comment: 23 pages with figures, see
http://sol.stsci.edu/~demello/welcomeb.htm
PMS68 GRAND: THE GERMAN RETROSPECTIVE COHORT ANALYSIS ON NON-ADHERENCE IN OSTEOPOROSIS PATIENTS TREATED WITH ORAL BISPHOSPHONATES
Resistant starch as a dietary intervention to limit the progression of diabetic kidney disease
Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease, and as the number of individuals with diabetes increases there is a concomitant increase in the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Diabetes contributes to the development of DKD through a number of pathways, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and the gut-kidney axis, which may be amenable to dietary therapy. Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fibre that alters the gut microbial consortium, leading to an increase in the microbial production of short chain fatty acids. Evidence from animal and human studies indicate that short chain fatty acids are able to attenuate inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, which may mitigate the progression of DKD. In this review, we evaluate and summarise the evidence from both preclinical models of DKD and clinical trials that have utilised RS as a dietary therapy to limit the progression of DKD
Combining gravity with the forces of the standard model on a cosmological scale
We prove the existence of a spectral resolution of the Wheeler-DeWitt
equation when the underlying spacetime is a Friedman universe with flat spatial
slices and where the matter fields are comprised of the strong interaction,
with \SU(3) replaced by a general \SU(n), , and the electro-weak
interaction. The wave functions are maps from to a subspace of the
antisymmetric Fock space, and one noteworthy result is that, whenever the
electro-weak interaction is involved, the image of an eigenfunction is in
general not one dimensional, i.e., in general it makes no sense specifying a
fermion and looking for an eigenfunction the range of which is contained in the
one dimensional vector space spanned by the fermion.Comment: 53 pages, v6: some typos correcte
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