Adaptation and validation of aged adults’ adaptation scale to their residence (EAPAR) in Chile

Background: The adaptation of older people to nursing homes may be problematic. Scales to assess the degree of adaptation are required. Aim: To adapt and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Scale of Adaptation of the Older Adults to their Residence (EAPAR) in the Chilean population. Material and Methods: EAPAR and self-esteem scales were applied to 106 people aged 79 ± 7 years (57% women) living in nursing homes. Reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The instrument was adequately understood by the Chilean participants. In the content validity, the structure of the scale appears homogeneous and with an acceptable statistical significance. Conclusions: EAPAR is a reliable and valid instrument to be used by health professionalsEl presente trabajo ha sido financiado por la Dirección de investigación de la Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción del proyecto número INIDIN 08/2017 Sistema Internacional de unidades (SI)S

A qualitative look at the research in the Spanish Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Los estudios cualitativos en nutrición y dietética se presentan como una oportunidad para dar respuesta a la necesidad de expandir el conocimiento, complementando a otros diseños de investigación. Esta conjunción de aportes permitiría mejorar los procesos de toma de decisiones y acciones de la alimentación y estilos de vida saludables, lo que favorece el bienestar de poblaciones en distintas trayectorias vitales. Por ello, desde la RENHyD se invita a la comunidad científica a incorporar el acercamiento cualitativo en sus estudios, desde la promoción del uso de los criterios consolidados de guías internacionales como COREQ, para incrementar la transparencia al momento de reportar resultados de proyectos de investigación cualitativa10. La flexibilidad ante diversos acercamientos en la metodología de la investigación científica es crucial para la comprensión de los interrogantes “qué” y los “por qué” en el campo de la nutrición humana y la dietética. Por lo tanto, el esfuerzo realizado por los/as autores/as para dar un abordaje mixto en los artículos remitidos a la revista, también se tendrá en consideración

Adherence to the nutritional management of adolescents with malnutrition due to excess: Familiar perception of successes and failures

Sr. Editor, la etapa de adolescencia facilita la autonomía e independencia del comportamiento alimentario, con un incremento en la selección e ingesta de alimentos de alta densidad energética(1), lo que favorece la presencia de malnutrición por exceso(2), además de aumentar el riesgo de diversas complicaciones cardiometabólicas(3,4).Mr. Editor, adolescence facilitates the autonomy and independence of eating behavior, with an increase in the selection and intake of foods with high energy density (1), which favors the presence of excess malnutrition (2), in addition to increase the risk of various cardiometabolic complications (3,4)

Latent class analyses of multimorbidity and all-cause mortality: A prospective study in Chilean adults

Multimorbidity patterns can lead to differential risks for all-cause mortality. Within the Chilean context, research on morbidity and mortality predominantly emphasizes individual diseases or combinations thereof, rather than specific disease clusters. This study aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns, along with their associations with mortality, within a representative sample of the Chilean population. 3,701 participants aged ≥18 from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010 were included in this prospective study. Multimorbidity patterns were identified from 16 chronic conditions and then classified using latent class analyses. All-cause mortality data were extracted from the Chilean Civil Registry. The association of classes with all-cause mortality was carried out using Cox proportional regression models, adjusting by sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. Three classes were identified: a) Class 1, the healthiest (72.1%); b) Class 2, the depression/cardiovascular disease/cancer class (17.5%); and c) Class 3, hypertension/chronic kidney disease class (10.4%). Classes 2 and 3 showed higher mortality risk than the healthiest class. After adjusting, Class 2 showed 45% higher mortality risk, and Class 3 98% higher mortality risk, compared with the healthiest class. Hypertension appeared to be a critical underlying factor of all-cause morbidity. Particular combinations of chronic diseases have a higher excess risk of mortality than others

A healthy eating score is inversely associated with depression in older adults: results from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationship of a healthy eating score with depression in Chilean older adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Older adults from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017. Associations were analysed using complex samples multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, socio-demographic, lifestyles (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and sleep duration), BMI and clinical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and cardiovascular diseases). Participants: The number of participants was 2031 (≥ 60 years). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form was applied to establish the diagnosis of major depressive episode. Six healthy eating habits were considered to produce the healthy eating score (range: 0-12): consumption of seafood, whole grain, dairy, fruits, vegetables and legumes. Participants were categorised according to their final scores as healthy (≥ 9), average (5-8) and unhealthy (≤ 4). Results: Participants with a healthy score had a higher educational level, physical activity and regular sleep hours than participants with an average and unhealthiest healthy eating score. Participants classified in the healthiest healthy eating score had an inverse association with depression (OR: 0·28, (95 % CI 0·10, 0·74)). Food items that contributed the most to this association were legumes (15·2 %) and seafood (12·7 %). Conclusion: Older adults classified in the healthiest healthy eating score, characterised by a high consumption of legumes and seafood, showed a lower risk for depression in a representative sample of Chilean population

Association between bodyweight perception, nutritional status, and weight control practices: a cross-sectional analysis from the Chilean Health Survey 2016–2017

This research aimed (1) to examine the agreement between body mass index (BMI)-based nutritional status and perceived nutritional status overall and by socio-demographic factors and (2) to state the association between the accuracy of weight perception and weight control practices in the Chilean adult population. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 5,192 Chilean adult participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017. Agreement between BMI-based weight status and body weight perception for the total sample and across subgroups was determined using the weighted kappa coefficient. The agreement between BMI-based and perceived nutritional status of the total sample was fair (kappa = 0.38). A higher rate of weight perception accuracy was identified in women, younger respondents, and participants with higher education, a higher income, and from urban areas than their counterparts. Respondents with overweight or obesity tended to underestimate their nutritional status. Actions to lose weight were higher in those who had the right perception of their overweight/obesity condition and those who overestimated their body weight, regardless of their nutritional status. In all groups, weight loss behaviors were more related to the perceived than the BMI-based nutritional status. The consequences of accurate perception of the nutritional status are discussed including its effects on body weight and mental health

Association between walking pace and diabetes: findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017

Background: Walking pace is a well-known indicator of physical capability, but it is also a strong predictor of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is a lack of evidence on the association between walking pace and T2D, specifically, within developing countries such as Chile. Aim: To investigate the association between self-reported walking pace and T2D in the Chilean adult population. Methods: 5520 Chilean participants (aged 15 to 90 years, 52.1% women) from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017 were included in this cross-sectional study. Both walking pace (slow, average, and brisk) and diabetes data were collected through self-reported methods. Fasting blood glucose (reported in mg/dl) and glycosylated haemoglobin A (HbA1c) scores were determined via blood exams. Results: In the unadjusted model, and compared to people who reported a slow walking pace, those with average and brisk walking pace had lower blood glucose levels (β = −7.74 mg/dL (95% CI: −11.08 to −4.40) and β = −11.05 mg/dL (95% CI: −14.36 to −7.75), respectively) and lower HbA1c (β = −0.34% (95% CI: −0.57 to −0.11) and β= −0.72% (95% CI: −0.94 to −0.49)), respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic, Body Mass Index and lifestyle factors, the association between glycaemia and HbA1c remained only for brisk walkers. Both the average and brisk walker categories had lower odds of T2D (OR: 0.59 (95% CI: 0.41 to 0.84) and (OR 0.48 (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.79), respectively). Conclusion: Brisk walkers were associated with lower blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Moreover, average to brisk walking pace also showed a lower risk for T2D