Una nueva especie de Atelopus A.M.C. Dumeril and Bibron 1841 (Amphibia: Bulonidae) de la cordillera occidental, Colombia

Se nomina y describe una nueva especie de atelopus del grupo longirostris: A.negreti del flanco occidental de la Cordillera Occidental, límite S. del Parque Nacional Natural Munchique, Cauca, 1470-1580m.A new species of the genus Atelopus of the longirostris Group (A.negreti) is nomined and described from the Eastern slope of the Cordillera Occidental, S. P.N.N. Munchique, Cauca, at 1470-1580m

CONSENSO SOBRE EL USO DE PROTEÍNA EN EL PACIENTE CRÍTICO – ACNC

El paciente crítico tiene una pérdida de masa muscular significativa, observando frecuentemente sarcopenia en estos pacientes. Su presencia aumenta los desenlaces adversos, estancias hospitalarias, mayor riesgo de infecciones, aumento del tiempo de asistencia ventilatoria mecánica, mayor discapacidad al alta hospitalaria, menor posibilidad del retorno normal a la vida habitual de los pacientes, incremento en gastos en salud y mayor mortalidad. Objetivo: Indicar el uso oportuno y adecuado de la proteína en el paciente crítico. Métodos: la Asociación Colombiana De Nutrición Clínica (ACNC) y la Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Critica y Cuidados Intensivos (AMCI) mediante metodología de consenso realizaron unas recomendaciones con un grupo de expertos. Resultados: 46 recomendaciones fueron aprobadas con consenso superior al 80%. Conclusiones: La intervención óptima proteica temprana y progresiva en el paciente crítico, es importante para obtener los mejores desenlaces clínicos, disminuir complicaciones e impactar en costos de atención hospitalaria.

CONSENSO SOBRE O USO DE PROTEÍNA EM PACIENTES CRÍTICOS – ACNC

The critical patient has a significant loss of muscle mass, frequently observing sarcopenia in these patients. Its presence increases adverse outcomes, hospital stays, increased risk of infections, increased time on mechanical ventilatory assistance, greater disability at hospital discharge, less possibility of return to normal life for patients, increased health costs, and higher mortality. Objective: Indicate the opportune and adequate use of the protein in the critically ill patient. Methods: the Colombian Association of Clinical Nutrition (ACNC) and the Colombian Association of Critical Medicine and Intensive Care (AMCI), using a consensus methodology, made recommendations with a group of experts. Results: 46 recommendations were approved with a consensus greater than 80%. Conclusions: Optimal early and progressive protein intervention in critically ill patients is important to obtain the best clinical outcomes, reduce complications, and have an impact on hospital care costs.El paciente crítico tiene una pérdida de masa muscular significativa, observando frecuentemente sarcopenia en estos pacientes. Su presencia aumenta los desenlaces adversos, estancias hospitalarias, mayor riesgo de infecciones, aumento del tiempo de asistencia ventilatoria mecánica, mayor discapacidad al alta hospitalaria, menor posibilidad del retorno normal a la vida habitual de los pacientes, incremento en gastos en salud y mayor mortalidad. Objetivo: Indicar el uso oportuno y adecuado de la proteína en el paciente crítico. Métodos: la Asociación Colombiana De Nutrición Clínica (ACNC) y la Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Critica y Cuidados Intensivos (AMCI) mediante metodología de consenso realizaron unas recomendaciones con un grupo de expertos. Resultados: 46 recomendaciones fueron aprobadas con consenso superior al 80%. Conclusiones: La intervención óptima proteica temprana y progresiva en el paciente crítico, es importante para obtener los mejores desenlaces clínicos, disminuir complicaciones e impactar en costos de atención hospitalaria. O paciente crítico apresenta perda importante de massa muscular, observando-se frequentemente sarcopenia nesses pacientes. Sua presença aumenta os desfechos adversos, internações hospitalares, aumento do risco de infecções, aumento do tempo de assistência ventilatória mecânica, maior incapacidade na alta hospitalar, menor possibilidade de retorno à vida normal dos pacientes, aumento dos custos de saúde e maior mortalidade. Objetivo: Indicar o uso oportuno e adequado da proteína no paciente crítico. Métodos: a Associação Colombiana de Nutrição Clínica (ACNC) e a Associação Colombiana de Medicina Crítica e Terapia Intensiva (AMCI), utilizando uma metodologia de consenso, fizeram recomendações com um grupo de especialistas. Resultados: 46 recomendações foram aprovadas com consenso superior a 80%. Conclusões: A intervenção proteica precoce e progressiva ideal em pacientes críticos é importante para obter os melhores resultados clínicos, reduzir complicações e impactar nos custos hospitalares

Una nueva especie de Atelopus A.M.C. Dumeril & Bibron 1841 (Amphibia: Bulonidae) de la cordillera Occidental, Colombia

A new species of the genus Atelopus of the longirostris Group (A.negreti) is nomined and described from the Eastern slope of the Cordillera Occidental, S. P.N.N. Munchique, Cauca, at 1470-1580m.Se nomina y describe una nueva especie de atelopus del grupo longirostris: A.negreti del flanco occidental de la Cordillera Occidental, límite S. del Parque Nacional Natural Munchique, Cauca, 1470-1580m

Steps toward determination of the size and structure of the broad-line region in active galactic nuclei. X. Variability of Fairall 9 from optical data

The results of an optical monitoring campaign on the active nucleus in the luminous Seyfert 1 galaxy Fairall 9 are presented. This campaign was undertaken in parallel with ultraviolet spectroscopic monitoring with the IUE satellite which is described in a separate paper. The primary purpose of this program is to measure the response times (or "lags") of the emission lines to continuum variations and thus to extend the range in luminosity of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) for which such measurements have been made. The main conclusions of this work are as follows : 1. Continuum (at 5340 Å ) variations of amplitude ~12% are detected on timescales as short as ~20 days. These variations are much larger than the typical uncertainties in the measurements, which are of order ~2%. Over ~94 days, a factor of 2 change in the nuclear continuum was observed. 2. The optical continuum light curve resembles that of the UV continuum, showing two "events" of low-amplitude variations with a duration of ~70 days and with no measurable lag between the UV and optical continuum light curves. The UV data show a third larger amplitude event that occurred after the optical monitoring had terminated and unfortunately went unobserved in the optical. 3. The Hβ emission-line flux also underwent significant, low-amplitude (≥20%) variations. Crosscorrelation analysis reveals that Hβ lags behind the UV continuum by about 23 days, a value much smaller than what was previously suggested by earlier variability studies. However, this small lag is consistent with the lags for the UV lines during this campaign in the sense that the Hβ lag is approximately 50% larger than that of Lya λ1216, as it has been found for lower luminosity AGNs. 4. The Hβ difference profile produced by subtracting the low-state from the high-state data can be described as a two-component structure with blue and red components of similar width (~2500 km s-ˡ) and that appear to vary in phase

The Stellar spectral features of nearby galaxies in the near infrared : tracers of thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars?

We analyse the stellar absorption features in high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) near-infrared (NIR) spectra of the nuclear region of 12 nearby galaxies, mostly spirals. The features detected in some or all of the galaxies in this sample are the TiO (0.843 and 0.886 μm), VO (1.048 μm), CN (1.1 and 1.4 μm), H₂O (1.4 and 1.9 μm) and CO (1.6 and 2.3 μm) bands. The C₂ (1.17 and 1.76 μm) bands are generally weak or absent, although C₂ (1.76 μm) may be weakly present in the mean galaxy spectrum. A deep feature near 0.93 μm, likely caused by CN, TiO and/or ZrO, is also detected in all objects. Fitting a combination of stellar spectra to the mean spectrum shows that the absorption features are produced by evolved stars: cool giants and supergiant stars in the early- or thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (E-AGB or TP-AGB) phases. The high luminosity of TP-AGB stars, and the appearance of VO and ZrO features in the data, suggest that TP-AGB stars dominate these spectral features. However, a contribution from other evolved stars is also likely. Comparison with evolutionary population synthesis models shows that models based on empirical libraries that predict relatively strong NIR features provide a more accurate description of the data. However, none of the models tested accurately reproduces all of the features observed in the spectra. To do so, the models will need to not only improve the treatment of TP-AGB stars, but also include good quality spectra of red giant and E-AGB stars. The uninterrupted wavelength coverage, high S/N and quantity of features we present here will provide a benchmark for the next generation of models aiming to explain and predict the NIR properties of galaxies.11 page(s

Steps toward determination of the size and structure of the broad-line region in active galactic nuclei. X. Variability of Fairall 9 from optical data

The results of an optical monitoring campaign on the active nucleus in the luminous Seyfert 1 galaxy Fairall 9 are presented. This campaign was undertaken in parallel with ultraviolet spectroscopic monitoring with the IUE satellite which is described in a separate paper. The primary purpose of this program is to measure the response times (or "lags") of the emission lines to continuum variations and thus to extend the range in luminosity of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) for which such measurements have been made. The main conclusions of this work are as follows : 1. Continuum (at 5340 Å ) variations of amplitude ~12% are detected on timescales as short as ~20 days. These variations are much larger than the typical uncertainties in the measurements, which are of order ~2%. Over ~94 days, a factor of 2 change in the nuclear continuum was observed. 2. The optical continuum light curve resembles that of the UV continuum, showing two "events" of low-amplitude variations with a duration of ~70 days and with no measurable lag between the UV and optical continuum light curves. The UV data show a third larger amplitude event that occurred after the optical monitoring had terminated and unfortunately went unobserved in the optical. 3. The Hβ emission-line flux also underwent significant, low-amplitude (≥20%) variations. Crosscorrelation analysis reveals that Hβ lags behind the UV continuum by about 23 days, a value much smaller than what was previously suggested by earlier variability studies. However, this small lag is consistent with the lags for the UV lines during this campaign in the sense that the Hβ lag is approximately 50% larger than that of Lya λ1216, as it has been found for lower luminosity AGNs. 4. The Hβ difference profile produced by subtracting the low-state from the high-state data can be described as a two-component structure with blue and red components of similar width (~2500 km s-ˡ) and that appear to vary in phase

Risk factors for stuttering: a secondary analysis of a large data base

The spectrum of risk and concomitant factors in stuttering is generally thought to be wide and heterogeneous. However, only a few studies have examined these factors using information from large databases. We examined the data on 11,905 Swiss conscripts from 2003. All cases with high psychiatric screening scores indicating "caseness" for a psychiatric disorder were excluded, among them potential malingerers, so that 9,814 records remained. The analyses rely on self-reported information about stuttering in childhood, problems at birth, problems in school, mental disorders of parents and relatives, childhood adversity and socio-demographic information. Statistical modelling was done using logistic regression and path analysis models. Risk factors determined in the logistic regression include premature birth, probable attention deficit hyperactive disorder, alcohol abuse of the parents, obsessive-compulsive disorder in parents and relatives, having a disabled mother and having a parent from a foreign country. There is no overwhelmingly strong risk factor; all odds ratios are about 2 or below. In conclusion, large databases are helpful in revealing less obvious and less frequent risk factors for heterogeneous disorders such as stuttering. Obviously, not only secondary analyses, but also systematical large scale studies would be required to complete the complex epidemiological puzzle in stuttering. An extensive examination of young adults who were initially assessed in childhood might provide the most promising design