Análisis de las Habilidades Blandas en los Alumnos de las Licenciaturas en Mercadotecnia y Recursos Humanos del Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Calendario 2023A

The objective of this research is to analyze the soft skills in students of the Centro Universitario de la Ciénega from the educational programs in Marketing and Human Resources, this study has a quantitative approach, with a descriptive and cross-sectional scope, applied to a sample of 68 students who attended the last semester.to find out which of these skills have developed the most in the academic environment so that they can be exercised in the workplace. It is identified that the most prevalent skills are emotional intelligence, proactivity, resilience and empathy.  It is concluded that companies and the labor market require the presence of the aforementioned skills to exercise more effectively and efficiently the positions offered by companies, in such a way that it is necessary to develop such skills during their academic training.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las habilidades blandas en estudiantes del Centro Universitario de la Ciénega de los programas educativos en Mercadotecnia y Recursos Humanos, para saber cuáles de estas habilidades han desarrollado más en el ambiente académico para que puedan ejércelas en el campo laboral.  Este estudio tiene un enfoque de tipo cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo y corte transversal, aplicado a una muestra de 68 estudiantes que cursaron el último semestre. Se identifica que las habilidades con mayor prevalencia son inteligencia emocional, proactividad, resiliencia y empatía. Se concluye que las empresas y el mercado laboral exigen la presencia de las habilidades antes mencionadas para ejercer con mayor eficacia y eficiencia los puestos ofertados por las empresas, de tal manera que es necesario desarrollar tales habilidades durante su formación académica

The role of redox mediators on the anaerobic degradation of chlorinated solvents

Chlorinated solvents are pollutants found frequently in the environment. Whereas lower chlorinated solvents are easily degraded under aerobic conditions, degradation of higher chlorinated solvents is favored under anaerobic conditions. It is known that some compounds can act as redox mediators assisting the electron exchange required for the anaerobic dechlorination reactions to occur. Redox mediators are compounds that can assist the anaerobic dechlorination reactions either abiotically or biologically by accelerating the degradation rates. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of different redox mediators on the anaerobic degradation of higher chlorinated solvents such as chloroform (CF), carbon tetrachloride (CT) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The redox mediators studied are vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin CNB12-hydroxocobalamin HOB12), riboflavin (RF) and a model of humic compound anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS). The study includes abiotic and biological redox mediated dechlorination. The biological studies involve two varieties of unadapted methanogenic sludge. The results obtained demonstrate that redox mediators greatly enhance the degradation rates of CF and CT when utilized at substoichiometric molar ratios. At the same time, the results also highlight the importance of the role of the microorganisms during the dechlorination process. Vitamin B12 and riboflavin presented larger impact than AQDS on the degradation rates of CF and CT. Since vitamin B12 had the highest positive impact on the biodegradation rates of CF and CT, an attempt was done to stimulate its biosynthesis by the methanogenic sludge during the CT dechlorination. The approach used to promote the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 involved different vitamin B12 precursors such as porphobilinogen, and some primary substrates such as methanol and 1,2-propanediol. The results obtained show that the formation of the corrin ring may be the limiting step during vitamin B12 biosynthesis. One carbon substrates such as methanol, combined with porphobilinogen had a positive impact on the biodegradation rates of CT. The study suggests that the combination of methanol and vitamin B12 precursors could be a good alternative to stimulate the vitamin B12 biosynthesis by methanogens and therefore, the enhancement of the biodegradation rates of chlorinated solvents. This study presents the lowest molar ratio of vitamins that enhanced the dechlorination rates reported so far for biodegradation of chlorinated solvents involving methanogens. Also, this is the first report on the use of riboflavin as a redox mediator during dechlorination processes

Revisiting Current Trends in Electrode Assembly and Characterization Methodologies for Biofilm Applications

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a sustainable technology resulting from the synergism between biotechnology and electrochemistry, exploiting diverse fundamental aspects for the development of numerous applications, including wastewater treatment and energy production. Nevertheless, these devices currently present several limitations and operational restrictions associated with their performance, efficiency, durability, cost, and competitiveness against other technologies. Accordingly, the synthesis of nD nanomaterials (n = 0, 1, 2, and 3) of particular interest in MFCs, methods of assembling a biofilm-based electrode material, in situ and ex situ physicochemical characterizations, electrochemistry of materials, and phenomena controlling electron transfer mechanisms are critically revisited in order to identify the steps that determine the rate of electron transfer, while exploiting novel materials that enhance the interaction that arises between microorganisms and electrodes. This is expected to pave the way for the consolidation of this technology on a large scale to access untapped markets

Production of metabolites from Scenedesmus sp. and a microalgal consortium cultured in unconventional media

Growth comparisons were made between a microalgal consortium and Scenedesmus sp. cultivated in treated wastewater (TWw) enriched with 1 mL·L–1 Bayfolan Forte fertilizer (BM), TWw enriched with (NH4)2HPO4 (PAM), TWw enriched with NH4HCO3 (BCAM), tap water with piggery wastewater (PEM), tap water with piggery wastewater digestate (PDM), and raw wastewater (Ww). Nitrogen (N) content in the media, except for TWw, was adjusted to 80 mg·L–1 N (NH4+-N and NO3–-N). Unconventional low-cost media with lower nutrient contents (BM and TWw) showed adequate productions of biomass and lipids. PEM was the most advantageous medium, showing the highest biomass productivity with the consortium (191.25 ± 6.25 g·L–1·d–1) and a lipid productivity of 36.75 ± 9.90 mg·L–1·d–1. The fatty acid profile was composed mainly of C16 and C18. PAM, PEM, and PDM showed a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids (60%–69%), whereas the composition of unsaturated fatty acids was in the range of 31% to 38%. In PEM and PDM the removal of NH4+ was 100%; however, there were NH4+ losses (as NH3) due to volatilization (46%). Unconventional media, especially Ww, are an option for growing microalgae

Structure and Characterization of Flavolipids, a Novel Class of Biosurfactants Produced by Flavobacterium sp. Strain MTN11

Herein we report the structure and selected properties of a new class of biosurfactants that we have named the flavolipids. The flavolipids exhibit a unique polar moiety that features citric acid and two cadaverine molecules. Flavolipids were produced by a soil isolate, Flavobacterium sp. strain MTN11 (accession number AY162137), during growth in mineral salts medium, with 2% glucose as the sole carbon and energy source. MTN11 produced a mixture of at least 37 flavolipids ranging from 584 to 686 in molecular weight (MW). The structure of the major component (23%; MW = 668) was determined to be 4-[[5-(7-methyl-(E)-2-octenoylhydroxyamino)pentyl]amino]-2-[2-[[5-(7-methyl-(E)-2-octenoylhydroxyamino)pentyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid. The partially purified flavolipid mixture isolated from strain MTN11 exhibited a critical micelle concentration of 300 mg/liter and reduced surface tension to 26.0 mN/m, indicating strong surfactant activity. The flavolipid mixture was a strong and stable emulsifier even at concentrations as low as 19 mg/liter. It was also an effective solubilizing agent, and in a biodegradation study, it enhanced hexadecane mineralization by two isolates, MTN11 (100-fold) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (2.5-fold), over an 8-day period. The flavolipid-cadmium stability constant was measured to be 3.61, which is comparable to that for organic ligands such as oxalic acid and acetic acid. In summary, the flavolipids represent a new class of biosurfactants that have potential for use in a variety of biotechnological and industrial applications

Concentration Endurance Test (d2): Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Concentration Endurance Test (d2) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the d2 test as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. The Total number of items processed (TN), Total number of correct responses (CR), Total performance (TP), and Concentration performance (CP) scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age 2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age on all scores, such that scores increased linearly as a function of age. TN scores were affected by age 2 for Guatemala and Puerto Rico; CR scores were affected by age 2 for Mexico; TP scores were affected by age 2 for Chile, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Spain; and CP scores for Mexico and Spain. Models indicated that children whose parents had a MLPE >12 years obtained higher scores compared to children whose parents had a MLPE?12 years for Mexico and Spain in all scores, and Puerto Rico for TN, CR, and TP, and Guatemala and Paraguay for CP scores. Sex affect the scores for Ecuador and Honduras (CP scores). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate approach to interpret the d2 test in pediatric populations. © 2017 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.Trabajo de investigació

Shortened Version of the Token Test: Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Shortened Version of the Token Test in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the Shortened Version of the Token Test as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. Shortened Version of the Token Test total scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age 2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age in all countries, such that score increased linearly as a function of age. In addition, age 2 had a significant effect in all countries, except Guatemala and Puerto Rico. Models showed that children whose parent(s) had a MLPE >12 years obtained higher score compared to children whose parents had a MLPE ?12 years in Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Spain. The child's sex did not have an effect in the Shortened Version of the Token Test total score for any of the countries. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate interpretation of the Shortened Version of the Token Test when used in pediatric populations. © 2017 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.Trabajo de investigació

Consenso colombiano de expertos sobre recomendaciones informadas en la evidencia para la prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 en paciente pediátrico con enfermedad renal crónica o lesión renal aguda asociada a COVID-19

Introduction: The numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population are low so far. There is limited information about the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 in a pediatric patient with chronic kidney disease. Objective: To formulate informed recommendations to the prevention, diagnosis, and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients with kidney disease or acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19 in Colombia. Methodology: A rapid systematic review was performed in Embase and Pubmed databases and scientific societies, to answer questions prioritized by clinical experts in pediatric nephrology. The quality of the evidence was evaluated with validated tools according to the type of study. The preliminary recommendations were consulted by an expert group. The agreement was defined when approval was obtained from at least 70% of the experts consulted. Results: A response was obtained from 19 experts in pediatric nephrology in Colombia, who declared the conflict of interest before the consultation. The range of agreement for the recommendations ranged from 78.9% to 100%. The recommendations did not require a second consultation. Conclusion: The evidence-based recommendations for the management of a patient with kidney disease and COVID-19 in the Colombian context are presented.Introducción: las cifras de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en población pediátrica son bajas hasta ahora. Es limitada la información acerca del comportamiento del SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes pediátricos con enfermedad renal crónica. Objetivo: formular recomendaciones informadas en evidencia para la prevención, el diagnóstico y el manejo de infección por SARS- CoV-2 en pacientes pediátricos con enfermedad renal o lesión renal aguda asociada a COVID-19 en Colombia. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática rápida en bases de datos Embase y Pubmed y sociedades científicas, para dar respuesta a preguntas priorizadas por expertos clínicos en nefrología pediátrica. Se evaluó la calidad de la evidencia con herramientas validadas de acuerdo con el tipo de estudio. Las recomendaciones preliminares fueron consultadas a un colectivo experto. Se definió acuerdo cuando se obtuvo aprobación en al menos el 70% de los expertos consultados. Resultados: se obtuvo respuesta de 19 expertos en nefrología pediátrica de Colombia, quienes declararon su conflicto de interés previa consulta. El rango de acuerdo para las recomendaciones osciló entre 78,9 y 100%. Las recomendaciones no requirieron segunda consulta. Conclusión: se presentan las recomendaciones basadas en evidencia para manejo de pacientes con enfermedad renal y COVID-19 en el contexto colombiano