O desporto como contexto para a aprendizagem e ensino de competências de vida: programas de intervenção para crianças e adolescentes

[Excerto] Introdução: Hoje em dia, a probabilidade dos adolescentes se envolverem em comportamentos de risco, que afectam o bem-estar individual, é cada vez maior, surgindo assim a necessidade de intervir no sentido de os ajudar a serem bem sucedidos durante a adolescência, juventude e, posteriormente, enquanto adultos (Danish, 1997). Neste sentido, Danish e colaboradores (1992a, 1992b) desenvolveram dois programas de intervenção psicológica que visam ensinar crianças e jovens entre os 10 e os 14 anos a serem bem-sucedidos em vários domínios e contextos das suas vidas: o programa «Going for the Goal» (GOAL) e o programa «Sports United to Promote Education and Recreation» (SUPER). Estes programas têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos e implementados pelo Centro de Competências de Vida da Universidade da Virgínia (EUA), desde o início dos anos 90. O programa «GOAL», por exemplo, já foi implementado e ensinado a mais de 25.000 jovens, não só nos EUA, mas também na Austrália e Nova Zelândia. Actualmente, está também a ser traduzido e adaptado em Espanha, Portugal e Hungria. Em 1996, foi o vencedor do prémio de prevenção atribuído pela «Associação Americana de Saúde Mental», tendo também sido homenageado pelo Departamento norte-americano de Saúde e Serviços Humanos para a Prevenção da Violência. [...

The relationship between multidimensional competitive anxiety, cognitive threat appraisal, and coping strategies : a multi-sport study

Prova tipográficaThe purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between, multidimensional competitive trait anxiety (cognitive and somatic anxiety), trait cognitive threat appraisal, and coping styles. Five-hundred and fifty male and female athletes of several individual and team sports, between the ages of 15 and 35 (M ¼ 19.8 + 4.5), completed the translated and adapted versions of the Sport Anxiety Scale and of the Brief COPE, as well as the Cognitive Appraisal Scale in Sport Competition – Threat Perception. Pearson and Q2 Canonical correlations showed that higher levels of trait cognitive anxiety and threat appraisal were positively related to emotion-focused and avoidance coping and inversely related to problem-focused coping. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of individual differences in trait anxiety and threat appraisals, regarding athletes’ coping styles.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologi

Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

The essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare commercial aerial parts and fruits were isolated by hydrodistillation, with different distillation times (30 min, I h, 2 h and 3 h), and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antioxidant ability was estimated using four distinct methods. Antibacterial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method. Remarkable differences, and worrying from the quality and safety point of view, were detected in the essential oils. trans-Anethole (31-36%), alpha-pinene (14-20%) and limonene (11-13%) were the main components of the essentials oil isolated from F. vulgare dried aerial parts, whereas methyl chavicol (= estragole) (79-88%) was dominant in the fruit oils. With the DPPH method the plant oils showed better antioxidant activity than the fruits oils. With the TBARS method and at higher concentrations, fennel essential oils showed a pro-oxidant activity. None of the oils showed a hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity >50%, but they showed an ability to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase. The essential oils showed a very low antimicrobial activity. In general, the essential oils isolated during 2 h were as effective, from the biological activity point of view, as those isolated during 3 h.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliações cognitivas, emoções e coping : um estudo com futebolistas portugueses

O presente trabalho teve como objectivo analisar os padrões e associações das estratégias de coping, da avaliação cognitiva, da ansiedade e de outras emoções em atletas de futebol. Os sujeitos deste estudo foram 14 atletas, com idades entre 17 e 19 anos (M=18.35±0.71). Foram utilizados os instrumentos: Escala de Avaliação Cognitiva da Competição – Percepção Ameaça e Desafio; Inventário de Emoções no Desporto V-2; Escala de Ansiedade no Desporto – 2; Escala de Avaliação da Ansiedade; e Brief COPE. Os resultados mostraram a estratégia de coping mais frequente, o coping activo, e a menos frequente, o uso de substâncias. A competição desportiva foi percepcionada mais em termos de desafio do que ameaça, a esperança foi a emoção mais experienciada e a vergonha foi a emoção menos experienciadaThis study aimed to analyze the patterns and associations of coping strategies, cognitive appraisals, anxiety and other emotions of soccer players. The subjects were 14 athletes, aged between 17 and 19 years (M=18.35±0.71). We used the instruments: Cognitive Assessment Scale Competition - Threat and Challenge; Inventory Emotions in Sport V-2, Sport Anxiety Scale, Revised Anxiety Rating Scale – 2, and Brief COPE. Results showed the most common coping strategy, active coping, and the less frequent, substance use. The sports competition was appraised more in terms of challenge than threat, hope was the emotion more experienced and shame the emotion less experienced.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los patrones y las asociaciones de las estrategias de coping, evaluación cognitiva, ansiedad y otras emociones de jugadores de fútbol. Los sujetos fueron 14 atletas, con edades comprendidas entre 17 y 19 años (M=18.35±0.71). Se utilizaron los instrumentos: Escala de Evaluación Cognitiva de Competición-Percepción de Amenaza y Desafio; Inventario de Emociones en el deporte V-2; Escala de Ansiedad de Deporte; Escala de Evaluación de Ansiedad – 2 y Brief COPE. Los resultados mostraron la estrategia de coping más común, coping activo, y uso de sustancias menos frecuente. La competición deportiva se percibía más en términos de desafio que amenaza, esperanza era la emoción que se experimentado más y vergüenza la emoción que se experimentado menos

Promotores de la desigualdad

El rol de El Mercurio fue el de colaborar con la CIA impulsando acciones de prensa para derrocar al gobierno socialista de Allende, dar sustento simbólico y político al régimen de Pinochet y ocultar crímenes de lesa humanidad. En la actual democracia chilena, los medios heredados de la dictadura operan, más que como desestabilizadores de un sistema político en particular, como relacionistas públicos de un modelo desigual y discriminador.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Subcellular fractionation coupled to shotgun proteomics allows the identification of novel targets of the classical secretion pathway associated with increased productivity in recombinant CHO cells

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THE INFLUENCE OF STRONG EL NINO PHASES ON THE RAINFALL OVER THE YUCATAN PENINSULA, MEXICO

The combination of several large-scale atmospheric influences makes the complex climatology of the Yucatán Peninsula difficult to predict. This study explores the most important physical modulator of the rainfall over México, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and its effects over the peninsula. Two different analyses were applied: non-parametric correlations between the Standardized Anomaly Indices of the long-term seasonal precipitation and the Multivariate ENSO Index; and the assessment of the rainfall response to three case studies, a relatively long hot ENSO phase (1957-58), and the strongest Niños of the twentieth century (1982-1983 and 1997-1998). The main factor determining the ENSO influence over the Yucatan Peninsula precipitation was its intensity: the strong Niños of 1982-83 and 1997-1998 had a positive effect on the rainfall, particularly during the dry-season when conditions were generally wetter than normal over the entire region; furthermore, an unusually wet Nov-Apr period within an intense El Niño phase, provides a reliable indication that rainfall is likely to surpass long-term means for the wet season (May-Oct) as well.

Effect of pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment on seed germination and seedling growth in maize (zea mays l.)

The application of magnetic fields appears to produce changes in some physiological processes of plants, including encouraging their development. This study reports the effects of different intensities of electromagnetic fields generated by a solenoid with a variable horizontal magnetic field on the germination and growth of maize seeds. We worked with the experimental seed hybrid San Jose, which was exposed to electromagnetic fields of 0, 2, 4 and 6 mT for 3 min, using a completely randomized design with two seed conditions: imbibed and non-imbibed. Analysis of variance was performed for the variables germination and growth, with a level of significance of 95%; increases were observed in germination, vigor index I, vigor index II and root length, 3, 20, 34 and 23% respectively, compared to the control seeds (untreated) on the eighth day. Similarly, the presence of chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids was assessed and an increase was found in the concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotene in corn seedlings grown from electromagnetically treated seeds. The response varied depending on the magnetic induction, without any particular trend, the best treatment was 4 μT for 3 min of exposure. The improvement of the evaluated functional variables suggests that the seeds may perform better with an electromagnetic field treatment