Double ischemic ileal stenosis secondary to mesenteric injury after blunt abdominal trauma

The authors describe a rare case in which blunt abdominal trauma resulted in mesenteric injury with delayed double ischemic ileal stenosis. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated stenotic ileal loop with mural thickening. At surgery, a double stenotic bowel loop was found adjacent to a healed defect in the mesentery. Histological examination of the two resected segments showed fibrotic and ischemic lesions within the mesentery. Ischemic intestinal stenosis from mesenteric injury should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients suffering from intestinal occlusion with a history of blunt abdominal trauma

A Markov-switching model of inflation: looking at the future during uncertain times

In this paper, we analyze the dynamic of inflation in Venezuela, during the last eighteen years, through a Markov-switching estimation of a New Keynesian Phillips curve. Estimation is carried out using the EM algorithm. The model´s estimates distinguish between a normal or backward looking regime and a rational expectation regime consistent with episodes of high uncertainty regarding the performance of the economy. This characterization of regimes is based on two elements: the description of the process of formation of inflationary expectations and the main economic events occurred during each regime