Larvae of Nearshore Fishes in Oceanic Waters near Oahu, Hawaii

Larvae of over 50 families of nearshore fishes were taken in oceanic waters about 13 km offshore of the leeward (southwest) coast of Oahu, Hawaii during 1977-78, The five most frequently taken families (Labridae, Parapercidae, Serranidae, Gobiidae, and Carangidae) made up over 50% of the total nearshore larvae. Most other families were taken very infrequently. Comparison of catch data from three types of nets indicated that 1.25-m diameter bongo nets often sampled larvae as well or better than a 3-m Isaacs-Kidd trawl and that smaller, 70-cm diameter bongo nets were often as effective as the larger nets for certain abundant taxa. Only a few taxa showed evidence of seasonal patterns in abundance. Irregular temporal variability in abundance of some taxa may have been related to occasional recent influxes of surface water from closer to shore. Most larvae taken were late preflexion stage or older. Densities of even the most abundant taxa were rarely greater than 0.001 m-3. The nearshore fish larvae were not dominated by taxa with large larvae or with larvae possessing apparent specializations to pelagic existence, Most taxa taken were pelagic spawners as adults, but larvae of demersal spawners were roughly as well represented as demersal spawners are among the nearshore fish fauna. Previous studies of waters closer to shore probably sampled insufficient volumes for any but a few exceptionally abundant taxa. Sampling with volumes filtered of the order of 104-105 m3 will be necessary to determine if the dominant taxa taken by the present study are ever more abundant closer to shore, (PDF file contains 23 pages.

A Critique of the Anglo-American Model of Corporate Governance

There is a developing literature comparing different models of capitalism from alternative analytical frameworks highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of diverse forms of capitalism, and the prospects for institutional diversity when confronted with growing pressures for international economic integration.This paper examines how different varieties of capitalism produce different levels of inequality. Specifically how the Anglo-American variant of corporate governance in its US manifestation afforded CEOs of large corporations inordinate power and wealth, and the consequences of this for inequality in wider society. Arrogation of an increasing share of the wealth of corporations by CEOs impacts upon relationships with other stakeholders and displaces CEOs objectives. The significance is that this is precisely the model of capitalism that is being propagated vigorously throughout the world. This dynamic induced the present international financial crisis, in which investment bank executives were massively incentivised to pursue vast securitization and leverage which hugely enriched themselves, but caused the collapse of financial institutions worldwide, the violent instability of financial markets, substantial damage to the real economy, and impacted severely on the employment security and living standards of working people

A Critique of the Anglo-American Model of Corporate Governance

There is a developing literature comparing different models of capitalism from alternative analytical frameworks highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of diverse forms of capitalism, and the prospects for institutional diversity when confronted with growing pressures for international economic integration.This paper examines how different varieties of capitalism produce different levels of inequality. Specifically how the Anglo-American variant of corporate governance in its US manifestation afforded CEOs of large corporations inordinate power and wealth, and the consequences of this for inequality in wider society. Arrogation of an increasing share of the wealth of corporations by CEOs impacts upon relationships with other stakeholders and displaces CEOs objectives. The significance is that this is precisely the model of capitalism that is being propagated vigorously throughout the world. This dynamic induced the present international financial crisis, in which investment bank executives were massively incentivised to pursue vast securitization and leverage which hugely enriched themselves, but caused the collapse of financial institutions worldwide, the violent instability of financial markets, substantial damage to the real economy, and impacted severely on the employment security and living standards of working people

The Long Road to Reformulating the Understanding of Directors\u27 Duties: Legalizing Team Production Theory?

In this Article, the historical evolution of corporate governance is considered, highlighting the different eras of governance, the dominant theoretical and practical paradigms, and the reformulation of paradigms and counter paradigms. Two alternative and sharply contrasting theorizations, one collective and collaborative (the work of Berle and Means), the other individualistic and contractual (agency theory and shareholder value) are focused upon. The explanatory potential of Blair and Stout’s team production theory is elaborated, along with its conception of the complexity of business enterprise, with a mediating hierarch (the board of directors) securing a balance between the interests of different stakeholders. The potential for reform of corporate purpose, corporate governance, and directors’ duties is examined with reference to the U.K. Modern Company Law Review. The impact of the intensification of the financialization of corporations is analyzed, with the increased emphasis upon short-termism. The origins of the global financial crisis in shareholder value orientations are explored, as well as the continuing reverberations of the crisis. In light of the foregoing discussion, I argue it is imperative to advance sustainable enterprise, and elaborate on the critical changes this will necessitate in corporate purpose and directors’ duties

The Long Road to Reformulating the Understanding of Directors\u27 Duties: Legalizing Team Production Theory?

In this Article, the historical evolution of corporate governance is considered, highlighting the different eras of governance, the dominant theoretical and practical paradigms, and the reformulation of paradigms and counter paradigms. Two alternative and sharply contrasting theorizations, one collective and collaborative (the work of Berle and Means), the other individualistic and contractual (agency theory and shareholder value) are focused upon. The explanatory potential of Blair and Stout’s team production theory is elaborated, along with its conception of the complexity of business enterprise, with a mediating hierarch (the board of directors) securing a balance between the interests of different stakeholders. The potential for reform of corporate purpose, corporate governance, and directors’ duties is examined with reference to the U.K. Modern Company Law Review. The impact of the intensification of the financialization of corporations is analyzed, with the increased emphasis upon short-termism. The origins of the global financial crisis in shareholder value orientations are explored, as well as the continuing reverberations of the crisis. In light of the foregoing discussion, I argue it is imperative to advance sustainable enterprise, and elaborate on the critical changes this will necessitate in corporate purpose and directors’ duties

The Ecology of the Scalloped Hammerhead Shark, Sphyrna lewini, in Hawaiil

Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, is a pupping ground for the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, the pups being most abundant between April and October. While in the bay, the pups stay in the most turbid areas by day and move out at night to reef areas where they feed on reef fishes and crustaceans. The pups spend a maximum of three to four months in the bay and then apparently leave nearshore areas. The total number of pups passing through Kaneohe Bay may be as high as 10,000 per year. Adult hammerheads are present inshore also between April and October. They apparently move in for delivery and breeding. Squid beaks in their stomachs indicate that the adults are pelagic the rest of the year-possibly living below the surface layers

Collections and Submarine Observations of Deep Benthic Fishes and Decapod Crustacea in Hawaii

ABSTRACT: Depths between 150 and 400 m off Oahu, Hawaii, were surveyed by submarine, gill nets, and traps. Depth of capture or observations and other data are given for 47 species of fishes and 20 species of decapod Crustacea. Of these species, 10 fishes and five crustaceans are either undescribed or new records for Hawaii. Four other fishes collected and several others observed from the submarine are probably undescribed or unrecorded species. A large proportion of both the total number of species collected and of the new forms were taken by gill net. The gill nets are able to sample steep, rocky bottoms and obtain types of organisms inaccessible to other types of gear, particularly bottom trawls

Managing the Transition to Climate Stabilization

This paper builds upon recent work by the US Climate Change Science Program (CCSP). Among its products, the CCSP developed new emission projections for the major man-made greenhouse gases, explored the effects of emission limits on the energy system, and calculated the costs of various stabilization constraints to the economy. This paper applies one of the models used for that analysis to explore the sensitivity of the results to three potentially critical factors: the stabilization level, the policy design, and the availability and costs of low- to zero-emitting technologies. The major determinant of costs is likely to be something over which we have little control - Mother Nature. The choice of stabilization level will reflect our understanding of the science of global climate change. We have little control over many of the key bio-geophysical processes which, to a major extent, will determine what constitutes dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. We consider two limits on radiative forcing, corresponding to stabilizing CO2 concentrations at approximately 450 ppmv and 550 ppmv. These levels have been chosen because of the fundamentally different nature of the challenge posed by each. In the case of the lower concentration limit, emission reductions will be required virtually immediately and annual GDP losses to the US could approach 5%. With the higher concentration limit, the pressure for a sharp reduction in near-term emissions is not as great. This offers some potential to reduce GDP losses. Indeed, we find that depending upon the concentration limit, implementing market mechanisms which take advantage of 'where' and 'when' flexibility can markedly reduce GDP losses, perhaps by as much as an order of magnitude. However, for a variety of reasons, our ability to realize such savings may be compromised. One possible impediment relates to the proximity to the target. If the limit is imminent, flexibility will be greatly reduced. The nature of the coalition and our willingness to permit 'borrowing' emission rights from the future will also affect the magnitude of the potential savings. As a result, the reduction in GDP losses from where and when flexibility may turn out to be only a small fraction of what has been previously estimated. Fortunately, the biggest opportunity for managing costs may come from something over which we do have considerable control. We find that investments in climate friendly technologies can reduce GDP losses to the US by a factor of two or more. At present, we have insufficient economically competitive substitutes for high carbon emitting technologies. The development of low- to zero-emitting alternatives will require both a sustained commitment on the part of the public sector upstream in the R&D chain and incentives for the private sector to bring the necessary technologies to the marketplace. Aside from helping to assure that environmental goals are met in an economically efficient manner, climate policy can also serve as an enabler of new technologies. By recognizing the acute shortage of low-cost substitutes, the long lead times required for development and deployment, and the market failures that impede technological progress, climate policy can play an important role in reducing the long-term costs of the transition.

Development of a multimodal imaging probe for detecting aggressive prostate cancer

This thesis reports on the synthesis, development and validation of a novel, non-toxic dual modal bio-imaging probe that targets a conformational molecular switch and relocalisation of cell surface Endo180 into endosomes that occurs during the early stages of aggressive prostate cancer.InP/ZnS quantum dots were synthesised using a successive heating methodology following the introduction of a cooling phase between the addition of ‘shelling’ precursors. Photoluminescent quantum yields following the synthesis of InP/ZnS (2) quantum dots are reported at 85.30% in hexane and 57% in water (following phase transfer).An OI/MR dual-modal imaging probe was successfully synthesised following the surface modification of InP/ZnS (2) – TGA with Ln(III) DOTA chelate derivative (Ln = Gd, Eu and Tb). Up to 190 Gd(III) chelates were added to the surface of InP/ZnS (2) – TGA resulting in a combined r1 value of 1609.94 mM-1s-1 (InP/ZnS (2) – Gd.5a) when InP/ZnS (2) is synthesised with InI3. High values of photoluminescent quantum yield were achieved of up to 19.9% (InP/ZnS (2) – Gd.5.b) with no shift in emission properties observed following surface functionalisation when compared to InP/ZnS (2) – TGA.A targeted dual modal OI/MR imaging probe for the early detection of aggressive prostate cancer has been developed, via a two-step surface modification of InP/ZnS (2) – TGA with Endo180 conformational specific antibodies (A5.158, 39.10) and Gd(III) chelate (Gd.5a).Work presented in chapter 2 has formed part of the publication, Clarke, M. T.; Viscomi, N.; Chamberlain, T. W.; Hondow, N.; Adawi, A. M.; Sturge, J.; Erwin, S. C.; Bouillard, J.-S. G.; Tamang, S.; Stasiuk, G. J. Near Unity Quantum Yield in InP Based Quantum Dots through Thermal Diffusion. Commun. Chem. 2019, 2