Interview 2002.01 Dr. Theresa Clark

Dr. Theresa Clark discusses her memories of the closings of public schools in Prince Edward County, and teaching her children to speak up for themselves. Additionally, she talks about the Free Schools and the attitudes in Farmville at the time of her interview. As a professor at Longwood she also discusses Longwood\u27s role in segregation. Interviewers include Jerry F. Little Jr. and Amir Abbassy

Elm Farm Research Centre Bulletin 82 February 2006

Regular newsletter with technical updates from the Organic Advisory Service Issue covers: organic sector payments, dietary health choices, avian influenza vaccination, tradable quotas, feeding cities, sewage sludge, organic aquaculture, organic poultry, biodiversity and productivity research, organic winter wheat varieties, linking farmers and scientists, Interreg Project, RAFAEL energy use greenhouse gas emissions food and farming

Pareto effects in the eCasino: differences across online products and links with self-exclusion

Consumption of many goods adheres to the Pareto rule (or 80:20 law) that the 20% most engaged consumers generate 80% of revenue. Using a dataset from the eCasino section of the provincial online gambling platform in British Columbia, Canada, we recently observed that Pareto values exceeded the conventional 80:20 ratio, with the top 20% generating ~92% of bets and ~90% of revenue (Deng, Lesch & Clark, 2021 Addictive Behaviors 120: 106968). In this presentation, we will examine how these effects vary across different gambling product types within the eCasino: online slot machine games, table games, video poker, and other probability games. As a marker of likely gambling harm, we test rates of enrolment in Voluntary Self-Exclusion (VSE). The dataset comprises 30,920 account holders who placed at least one bet on the platform in 2014-2015, comprising over half a billion individual bets. Across the four product types, Pareto values indicated greatest concentration for video poker (98%) and lowest for slot machines (89%). We also observe higher levels of VSE in the top 20% compared to the remaining 80% (13% vs 7%) with some differences across products. Statement of Importance: As online gambling expands, behavioural tracking offers a promising technique for detecting risk, but limited work has examined behavioural markers across different online gambling products. We examine concentrations of consumption using the Pareto rule across 4 different product types in an online casino, and associations with gambling self-exclusion

Searching for Uncollected Litter with Computer Vision

This study combines photo metadata and computer vision to quantify where uncollected litter is present. Images from the Trash Annotations in Context (TACO) dataset were used to teach an algorithm to detect 10 categories of garbage. Although it worked well with smartphone photos, it struggled when trying to process images from vehicle mounted cameras. However, increasing the variety of perspectives and backgrounds in the dataset will help it improve in unfamiliar situations. These data are plotted onto a map which, as accuracy improves, could be used for measuring waste management strategies and quantifying trends.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

How to Improve Knowledge Translation of Qualitative Research into Clinical Practice

ABSTRACTHow can qualitative research findings become more influential as trustworthy evidence on which to base clinical practice decisions? Despite an increase in its visibility, the clinical implementation of qualitative findings remains negligible; instead, knowledge users continue to base their clinical decision making primarily on quantitative evidence (Goguen, Knight, & Tiberius, 2008; Shuval, Harker, Roudsari, Groce, Mills, Siddiqi, & Shachak, 2011; Sofaer, 2002).. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the factors affecting the impact of qualitative findings in the clinical practice of both nursing and medical professionals. This topic is timely and significant because while qualitative research approaches are methodologically and philosophically valid, these approaches remain comparatively lacking in discourse around evidence-based practice and ensuing clinical decisions. These authors continue the academic discussion surrounding the struggle to better translate qualitative research into clinical settings. A brief introduction to qualitative research methods sets a background for endorsing its increased use in clinical practice. The unique contribution of this paper is that practical solutions are provided for incorporating qualitative research into clinical decision-making by healthcare professionals. These are offered to encourage both qualitative and quantitative researchers, clinicians in nursing and medicine, and all knowledge users to take up this problem; despite theoretical and ideological differences, we all have the ultimate goal of utilizing high quality evidence to provide the best care to our patients.Keywords: Knowledge translation, qualitative research, nursing

The role of coccolithophore calcification in bioengineering their environment

Coccolithophorids are enigmatic plankton that produce calcium carbonate coccoliths, which over geological time have buried atmospheric CO2 into limestone, changing both the atmosphere and geology of the Earth. However, the role of coccoliths for the proliferation of these organisms remains unclear; suggestions include roles in anti-predation, enhanced photosynthesis and sun-screening. Here we test the hypothesis that calcification stabilizes the pH of the seawater proximate to the organisms, providing a level of acidification countering the detrimental basification that occurs during net photosynthesis. Such bioengineering provides a more stable pH environment for growth and fits the empirical evidence for changes in rates of calcification under different environmental conditions. Under this scenario, simulations suggest that the optimal production ratio of inorganic to organic particulate C (PIC : POCprod) will be lower (by approx. 20%) with ocean acidification and that overproduction of coccoliths in a future acidified ocean, where pH buffering is weaker, presents a risk to calcifying cells

Contemporary perspectives of core stability training for dynamic athletic performance: a survey of athletes, coaches, sports science and sports medicine practitioners.

BACKGROUND: Core stability training has grown in popularity over 25 years, initially for back pain prevention or therapy. Subsequently, it developed as a mode of exercise training for health, fitness and sport. The scientific basis for traditional core stability exercise has recently been questioned and challenged, especially in relation to dynamic athletic performance. Reviews have called for clarity on what constitutes anatomy and function of the core, especially in healthy and uninjured people. Clinical research suggests that traditional core stability training is inappropriate for development of fitness for heath and sports performance. However, commonly used methods of measuring core stability in research do not reflect functional nature of core stability in uninjured, healthy and athletic populations. Recent reviews have proposed a more dynamic, whole body approach to training core stabilization, and research has begun to measure and report efficacy of these modes training. The purpose of this study was to assess extent to which these developments have informed people currently working and participating in sport. METHODS: An online survey questionnaire was developed around common themes on core stability training as defined in the current scientific literature and circulated to a sample population of people working and participating in sport. Survey results were assessed against key elements of the current scientific debate. RESULTS: Perceptions on anatomy and function of the core were gathered from a representative cohort of athletes, coaches, sports science and sports medicine practitioners (n = 241), along with their views on effectiveness of various current and traditional exercise training modes. Most popular method of testing and measuring core function was subjective assessment through observation (43%), while a quarter (22%) believed there was no effective method of measurement. Perceptions of people in sport reflect the scientific debate, and practitioners have adopted a more functional approach to core stability training. There was strong support for loaded, compound exercises performed upright, compared to moderate support for traditional core stability exercises. Half of the participants (50%) in the survey, however, still support a traditional isolation core stability training. CONCLUSION: Perceptions in applied practice on core stability training for dynamic athletic performance are aligned to a large extent to the scientific literature

Trunk muscle activation in the back and hack squat at the same relative loads.

The hack squat (HS) is likely to produce a greater 1 repetition maximum (1RM) compared to the back squat (BS). This can be attributed to the support of the trunk during the HS compared to no support during BS. This support however, may compromise trunk muscle activation (TMA), therefore producing different training adaptations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to compare 1RM in BS and HS and TMA at 4 relative loads, 65, 75, 85 and 95% of maximal system mass. Ten males completed 3 test sessions:1) BS and HS 1RM, 2) HS & BS neuromuscular test familiarization, and, 3) Neuromuscular test for 3 reps at 4 loads for BS and HS. BS TMA was significantly greater (p<0.05) than HS for all muscles and phases except rectus abdominus in concentric phase. TMA increased (p<0.05) with load in all muscles for both exercises and phases apart from lumbar sacral erector spinae in HS eccentric phase. Mean HS 1RM and submaximal loads were significantly (p<0.0001) higher than the equivalent BS loads. Duration of the eccentric phase was higher (p<0.01) in HS than BS but not different in concentric phase. Duration increased significantly (p<0.01) with load in both exercises and both phases. Despite higher absolute tests loads in HS, TMA was higher in BS. TMA is sensitive to load in both exercises. BS is more effective than HS in activating the muscles of the trunk and therefore arguably more effective in developing trunk strength and stability for dynamic athletic performance

Mediating the GM Foods Debate: Lessons from the Enduring Conflict Framework

Critics of the commercialization of Genetically Modified (GM) foods in Canada and the United States oppose the economic and political forces that create and approve the technology: the industry that develops it and the governments that approve its use. The conventional narrative pits the concerned public, labeled anti-GM, against the pro-GM interests of industry supported by business-friendly governments. Based on this binary view of the interests and motivations of stakeholders, conflict betwee