AnÃlise molecular de bactÃrias orais em biofilme dental e placas aterosclerÃticas de pacientes com doenÃa vascular

Over the past few years, the involvement between oral pathogens and vascular disease has been investigated, with growing attention to the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis. Oral bacteria have been detected in atherosclerotic plaques at a variable frequency; however, the connection between oral health and vascular and oral bacterial profiles of these patients is not clearly established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of oral bacteria DNA in the mouth and atherosclerotic plaques, in addition to assess the patientâs caries and periodontal disease history. Thirty samples of supragingival and subgingival plaque, saliva and atherosclerotic plaques of 13 patients with carotid stenosis or aortic aneurysm were evaluated, through Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, for the presence/absence of Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. For edentulous patients, the variables of supragingival and subgingival plaques were not considered. All patients were submitted to oral exams using the DMTF (decayed, missing and filled teeth) and PSR (Periodontal Screening and Recording) indexes for dental and periodontal evaluation, respectively, and histopathological analysis of the atherosclerotic plaques was performed. Most of the patients were edentulous (76.9%). Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola were detected in 100.0%, 92.0%, 15.3% and 30.7% of the oral samples, respectively. Streptococcus mutans was the most prevalent targeted bacteria in atherosclerotic plaques (p<0,05), detected in 100% of the samples, followed by Prevotella intermedia (7.1%), and the vascular samples were negative for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0,05) between the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola in the oral cavity and vascular samples. In conclusion, Streptococcus mutans was found at a high frequency in oral and vascular samples, even in edentulous patients, and its presence in atherosclerotic plaques suggests the possible involvement of this bacteria with the disease progression.Nos Ãltimos anos, a relaÃÃo entre patÃgenos orais e doenÃa vascular tem sido investigada, com crescente atenÃÃo para a etiopatogÃnese e progressÃo da aterosclerose. BactÃrias orais tÃm sido detectadas em placas aterosclerÃticas, com variÃvel frequÃncia, porÃm, a relaÃÃo entre saÃde bucal e perfis bacterianos vasculares e orais dos pacientes nÃo està claramente estabelecida. Foi objetivo deste estudo avaliar a presenÃa de DNA de bactÃrias orais na boca e placas aterosclerÃticas, alÃm de avaliar histÃrico de cÃrie e doenÃa periodontal dos pacientes. Trinta amostras de placa dental supragengival, subgengival, saliva, e placas aterosclerÃticas de 13 pacientes com estenose de carÃtida ou aneurisma de aorta foram avaliadas, atravÃs de ReaÃÃo em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real, para presenÃa/ausÃncia de Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis e Treponema denticola. Para pacientes desdentados totais, nÃo foram consideradas as variÃveis de placa supragengival e subgengival. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exames de CPO-D (dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados) e PSR (registro periodontal simplificado) para avaliaÃÃo dentÃria e periodontal, respectivamente, bem como anÃlise histopatolÃgica das placas aterosclerÃticas. A maioria dos pacientes eram edÃntulos (76,9%). Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis e Treponema denticola foram detectados em 100,0%, 92,0%, 15,3% e 30,7% das amostras orais, respectivamente. O micro-organismo mais prevalente em placas aterosclerÃticas foi o Streptococcus mutans (p<0,05), presente em 100,0% das amostras, seguido de Prevotella intermedia (7,1%), e as amostras vasculares foram negativas para Porphyromonas gingivalis e Treponema denticola. Observou-se diferenÃa estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) com relaÃÃo à presenÃa de Porphyromonas gingivalis e Treponema denticola em cavidade oral e amostra vascular. Em conclusÃo, Streptococcus mutans foi encontrado em alta frequÃncia em amostras orais e vasculares, mesmo de pacientes desdentados, e sua presenÃa em placas aterosclerÃticas sugere o possÃvel envolvimento desse patÃgeno na progressÃo da doenÃa

Oral cancer from a health promotion perspective: experience of a diagnosis network in Cear&#225;

The aim of this study is to share the experience of implementing a network for the diagnosis of oral cancer by integrating primary, secondary, and tertiary oral health care centers and identifying the possible weaknesses of the process. The study also investigated the risks of exposure to the main risk factors for oral and lip cancer and their most common potentially malignant lesions (PML). A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in two different regions, with patients seen at a primary health care facility from August 2010 to July 2011. Patients with oral lesions were referred to dental specialty centers for biopsy. Patients with PML were treated in dental specialty centers, and patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were referred to tertiary health care facilities. The dentists' knowledge of PML and SCC was assessed by an objective questionnaire. A total of 3,965 individuals were examined, 296 lesions were found, and 73 biopsies were performed, of which 13.7% were diagnosed as PML and 9.6% as SCC. Tobacco use and sunlight exposure were associated with SCC (85.7%) and PML (80%), respectively. In total, 55 dentists were assessed. The lesions most commonly recognized as PML were leukoplakia (74%), erythroplakia (57%), and actinic cheilosis (56%). Most dentists (74%) felt incapable of performing biopsies, most likely because of an anxiety towards oral cancer, and 57% had never performed one. The integration of primary and secondary health care enables the diagnosis of PML and SCC and establishes a diagnosis network. However, the inability of most primary care dentists to identify PML and perform biopsies is a weakness of the diagnostic process

Perfil Epidemiológico de Pacientes Oncológicos Atendidos em um Serviço Odontológico de Referência do Estado do Ceará: Estudo Retrospectivo

Introdução: Pacientes com câncer necessitam de atendimento odontológico personalizado em virtude das terapias antineoplásicas para minimizar a ocorrência ou a gravidade dos efeitos adversos causados por essas terapias nos tecidos bucais. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico e odontológico de pacientes oncológicos acompanhados em um serviço de referência em odontologia do Estado do Ceará. Método: Estudo retrospectivo observacional transversal, baseado em prontuários de pacientes com necessidades especiais atendidos ambulatorialmente entre 2017 e 2021. Tais variáveis foram analisadas utilizando os testes exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado de Pearson, adotando um nível de confiança de 95% com o software SPSS versão 20.0 para Windows. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes avaliados era do sexo masculino (55,8%), com idade entre 51 e 60 anos (39,0%), sendo o câncer de cabeça e pescoço o mais prevalente (37,7%). Os principais motivos de procura por atendimento odontológico foram adequação bucal pré-tratamento de câncer (36,4%), tratamento pós-câncer (22,05%) e dor (15,6%), a maioria em fase pós-quimioterapia (42,9%) e pós-radioterapia (39,0%). Os procedimentos odontológicos mais realizados entre os pacientes foram dentística (64,9%), periodontia (59,7%) e cirurgia (48,1%). Em relação à higiene bucal, 49,2% escovavam os dentes uma vez ao dia e 54,5% não utilizavam fio dental; 47,8% desses pacientes apresentaram índice CPO-D (dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados) superior a 20. Conclusão: Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes procurou atendimento odontológico para adequação pré-tratamento oncológico, entretanto, a maior parte deles buscou atendimento após o fim da quimioterapia e radioterapia, o que pode estar associado ao elevado índice de CPO-D

Familial Hypoplastic Lingual Frenum: Case Report and Discussion of Differential Diagnosis

Jedna od najzanimljivijih, ali još nerazjašnjenih struktura usne šupljine jest oralni frenulum. Jezičnifrenulum (LF) važan je zato što spaja jezik i mandibulu te može biti izravno povezan s poremećajima u okluziji zuba. Morfološke ili brojčane promjene oralnih frenuluma u neposrednoj su vezi s mnogobrojnim genskim stanjima, posebice s Ehlers-Danlosovim sindromom. Neki autori smatraju da je odsutnost LF-a patognomonični znak za taj poremećaj. Svrha ovog opisa slučaja bila je izvijestiti o obiteljskoj hipoplaziji jezičnog frenuluma dijagnosticiranog rutinskim oralnim pregledom, te potaknuti raspravu o povezanosti abnormalnog LF-a s nesindromskim poremećajima i/ili genskim sindromima. Liječnici dentalne medicine i ostali specijalisti moraju biti oprezni tijekom kliničkih pregleda kako bi rano otkrili Ehlers-Danlosov sindrom jer može neposredno utjecati na ortodontsku terapiju.One of the most interesting and not yet understood anatomical structures of the oral cavity is the frenum or frenulum. The lingual frenum (LF) is an important structure that anatomically relates to the tongue and mandible, and, therefore, might be directly related to dental malocclusions. Oral frenula altered in morphology or in number have been directly associated with a number of genetic conditions, specially the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Some authors describe that the absence of the LF is a pathognomonic finding for this disorder. The aim of this study was to report a case of familial hypoplastic lingual frenum diagnosed during routine dental exam, and also discuss the association of non-syndromic conditions and/or genetic syndromes with the occurrence of abnormal LF. Dentists and physicians must be alert during clinical exam, with the objective to recognize early the signs that might indicate the diagnosis of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, since this condition interferes directly with the orthodontic treatment

Expression of S-100, EMA, CD34 and presence of mast cells in eight oral neurofibromas, and a review of 127 cases of the literature

INTRODUCTION: The rarity of oral neurofibromas (ONs) generates problems regarding their epidemiological and immunohistochemical characterization. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of different markers in ONs and review epidemiologic data reported in the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical (markers S-100, epithelial membrane antigen [EMA], CD34) and histochemical (modified-Ziehl-Neelsen-method) studies were performed in eight cases of ON diagnosed in the Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine (DPML), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Ceará, Brazil, between 1994 and 2010. RESULTS: Oral neurofibromas represented 0.2% of the oral lesions diagnosed by our service in 16 years, and the buccal mucosa was the most frequent oral site (71.4%). Seven (87.5%) and 8 (100.0%) cases were positive for S-100 and CD34, respectively, and none for EMA. Mast cells were identified in seven cases (87.5%). The literature search indicated that solitary ONs are more common and occur preferentially in females, affecting patients between 30 and 40 years old. The alveolar ridge is the most commonly involved site. CONCLUSION: S-100- and CD34 markers proved to be of great value as a diagnostic tool, unlike EMA staining. Identification of mast cells in most cases suggests their involvement in this tumor pathogenesis. The clinicopathologic data retrieved from the literature enabled the establishment of a more consistent epidemiological profile

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data