Politics, penality and (post-)colonialism : an introduction

Politics, Penality and (Post-)Colonialism: An Introductio

Health Inequalities in Europe: Setting the Stage for Progressive Policy Action

While the health of Europeans has improved over recent years, differences by gender, birthplace, and/or socioeconomic background persist. This report maps the extent of such health inequalities, its determinants, and costs to society. The findings indicate that differences in health between and within countries are attributable not only to social and health policies, but also depend on economic policy and the social determinants of health. Thus, holistic policy interventions are required to tackle health inequalities

Anticipated Effects of the U.S. Mexico City Policy on the Attainability of the Millennium Development Goals and future Development Efforts in sub-Saharan Africa

In the low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the performance of pyramidal reproductive health and family planning services with public outreach initiatives has not met the expectations or the needs of the communities they serve. Insufficient case management, limited management capacity and referral and communication failures are challenges faced on the delivery level, while on the policy level these health clinics face insufficient coordination among organizations and weak links between programs (Schneider, 2006). The Mexico City Policy, first introduced by President Reagan in 1984, only exacerbated these challenges for organizations that offer comprehensive contraception and family planning programs by denying any U.S. funding to any organization that performs abortions, provides abortion counseling or referrals, advocates for the legalization of abortion or seeks merely to inform women on this procedure. This U.S. policy was repealed by Democratic President Bill Clinton in 1993 only to be reinstated by Republican President George W. Bush in 2001 and repealed for a second time by President Obama in January 2009. The Mexico City Policy cut significant funding to reproductive health care facilities, thereby limiting their outreach program capabilities, their contraceptive supplies and their overall ability to cater to the health needs of the women of sub-Saharan Africa and their families, resulting in the severely compromised the progress of the Millennium Development Goals and present living conditions in sub-Saharan Africa

Soluble Fermentable Dietary Fibre (Pectin) Decreases Caloric Intake, Adiposity and Lipidaemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Funding: This work was funded by the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Dose-dependent effects of a soluble dietary fibre (pectin) on food intake, adiposity, gut hypertrophy and gut satiety hormone secretion in rats

Acknowledgments We thank Donna Wallace and Animal House staff at the Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health for the daily care of experimental rats and for the body weight, food intake and MRI measurements.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy of Fungi

The object of the work was to assess the advantages of examining fungal material in the scanning electron microscope whilst in a fully hydrated state (cryofixed). The results indicated that conidia of the ascomycete fungi Xylaria hypoxylon and Nectria cinnabarina were well preserved with no indication of artifacts of contraction and wrinkling, features noted when the material was critical point-dried. Similarly cryofixed basidia of the mycorrhizal basidiomycete, Laccaria laccata, were well preserved as was the mucilaginous film enveloping them. The basidiospores of critical point-dried material were also reasonably well preserved, presumably due to their thick walls, but basidia in such material had a wrinkled appearance, as did the mucilage film which survived the effects of the chemical fixatives and dehydrating solvents. The conclusion is that cryofixing is a desirable, rapid technique for microbiological specimens and excludes the potentially adverse effects of chemical fixatives and dehydrating agents

Measuring awareness in people with dementia: protocol for a scoping review

This is the final version. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Background: People with dementia (PwD) vary in the degree of awareness they show about their situation, both generally concerning the diagnosis and more specifically around certain aspects or objects of awareness such as awareness of memory impairment, altered daily activities or social functioning. The extent of awareness or lack of awareness has consequences for well-being of PwD and carers, impacting on rates of hospital admission, institutionalization, mood, adjustment to diagnosis, outcomes from intervention and carer burden. An accurate estimation of a person’s awareness could therefore be useful in a clinical setting to support PwD and their carers in making appropriate choices for health and care decisions, and could facilitate safe management by health care professionals, e.g. in an acute care setting. There is a range of different approaches to measuring awareness reported in the dementia research literature, with varying estimates of the frequency of lack of awareness, reflecting different methodologies and populations. The majority of the methods have been developed for research purposes and may not be suitable for clinical use. There are no recent scoping or systematic reviews of the available methods. Method: We will conduct a scoping review of published studies that have assessed awareness in people with dementia of all types, and all degrees of severity. The systematic search will include the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, using search terms for dementia (“dement*” or “Alzheimer*” or “Pick’s disease”) and “awareness”, “unawareness”, “anosognosia”, “insight”, “denial”, “metacognit*” or “discrepanc*” identified from pilot searches. Findings will be mapped and described according to the method used, the setting and diagnosis and the object of awareness studied if specified. Validated measures will be identified. Discussion: This scoping review will provide an overview of the methods used to measure awareness in people with dementia, allowing comparison of the methods along with identification of validated measures. The methods or components will be appraised for potential clinical use, and gaps in research will be highlighted.Alzheimer's Societ

2017-18 Antarctic Travel Project data set

For the 2017-2018 season, we distributed paper surveys to travelers on expedition ships leaving from Ushuaia, Argentina for the Antarctic peninsula. That instrument is included here. We received 362 responses, which is the n throughout the dataset. “Unanswered” indicates that nothing was written on the survey instrument for that question. The Ushuaia Tourism Office, INFUETUR, graciously assisted us in distributing surveys to the expedition guides. Guides then distributed the surveys to their passengers onboard, collected completed surveys, and returned them to the INFUETUR office. These were then mailed to the authors to be analyzed. Once the paper responses were received at Bucknell University, the data was entered into Qualtrics for analysis by Alex Busato. Responses were collected between December 2017 and February 2018, a timeframe that corresponds to the Antarctic tourism season

2018-19 Antarctic Travel Project data set

For the 2018-2019 season, we distributed paper surveys to travelers on expedition ships leaving from Ushuaia, Argentina for the Antarctic peninsula. That instrument is included here. We received 461 responses. The Ushuaia Tourism Office, INFUETUR, graciously assisted us in distributing surveys to the expedition guides. Guides then distributed the surveys to their passengers onboard, collected completed surveys, and returned them to the INFUETUR office. These were then mailed to the authors to be analyzed. We offer our deep thanks to all those who assisted with this survey! Responses were collected between December 2018 and February 2019, a timeframe that corresponds to the Antarctic tourism season