37 research outputs found

    Alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes mellitus: estresse oxidativo e fluxo sangüíneo da artéria mesentérica - estudo experimental

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    RACIONAL: Os sintomas gastrointestinais são freqüentes no diabetes mellitus e podem estar relacionados com o estresse oxidativo, que é definido pelo desequilíbrio entre os sistemas pró-oxidante e o antioxidante. OBJETIVO: Avaliar algumas das alterações gastrointestinais no modelo de diabetes mellitus, como o estresse oxidativo no estômago e no fígado de animais diabéticos e o fluxo sangüíneo na artéria mesentérica superior em diferentes tempos de estudo. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Os parâmetros utilizados para verificar o estresse oxidativo no fígado e no estômago foram a mensuração da lipoperoxidação, através das técnicas das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico e da quimiluminescência e a avaliação da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes catalase, superóxido dismutase e glutationa transferase. Utilizaram-se ratos machos Wistar, pesando entre 250-350 g, que foram divididos em quatro grupos: grupo I - 7 dias de diabetes, grupo II- 30 dias de diabetes, grupo III - 60 dias de diabetes e grupo IV - 90 dias de diabetes. O diabetes foi induzido por administração de estreptozotocina 70 mg/kg intraperitonialmente. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento significativo na lipoperoxidação no estômago e no fígado de animais diabéticos somente no tempo de 90 dias. No estômago, foi encontrada significativa diminuição na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes catalase e glutationa transferase. No fígado, somente a enzima glutationa transferase apresentou diminuição significativa. Houve aumento no fluxo da artéria mesentérica superior dos animais diabéticos com 90 dias, quando comparados aos animais-controle. CONCLUSÕES: É possível supor que o aumento no estresse oxidativo no estômago e no fígado e a alteração no fluxo sangüíneo da artéria mesentérica superior sejam influenciados pelo tempo de diabetes e pela hiperglicemia encontrada nos animais estudados, o que determinaria as alterações gastrointestinais

    Melatonin protects the liver and erythrocytes against oxidative stress in cirrhotic rats

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    CONTEXT: Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic hepatopathy which constitutes an irreversible stage of liver dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the oxidative stress in the blood of cirrhotic rats treated with the antioxidant melatonin. METHODS: Cirrhosis was induced through inhalation of carbon tetrachloride. Liver integrity was evaluated by measuring serum enzymes, oxidative damage measured by lipoperoxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity in erythrocytes. Lipoperoxidation, total nitrates, collagen, and histology by picrosirius staining were evaluated in the livers of these animals (n = 15), which were divided in three groups: control, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon tetrachloride + melatonin. Melatonin (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneal from week 10 of carbon tetrachloride inhalation. In order to shorten the cirrhosis induction time, phenobarbital (0.3 g/L) was added to the animals' drinking water. RESULTS: A significant impairment in the liver integrity of melatonin-treated animals as compared to cirrhotic animals was observed. In rat erythrocytes and liver, lipoperoxidation was significantly increased in the cirrhotic rats as compared to controls, as measured through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and significantly decreased in melatonin-treated animals as compared to cirrhotic ones. In blood, a decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes was detected in the cirrhotic group as compared to the control group, with increased superoxide dismutase activity when melatonin was administered. A reduction in the levels of total nitrates was detected in the hepatic tissue of the animals in the carbon tetrachloride group as compared to the control group and an increase of these levels in the carbon tetrachloride + melatonin group. As for hepatic collagen, we found a significant increase in the carbon tetrachloride group as compared to the controls and a regression of these values in the treated group. In histology, the rats in the carbon tetrachloride group showed fibrosis and formation of fibrotic nodules, characterizing liver cirrhosis; there was reduction of nodules and fibrosis in the melatonin treated group. CONCLUSION: The data allow us to suggest that the observed oxidative stress is related to the damages caused by carbon tetrachloride and that the use of melatonin can minimize these damage

    Uso de quercetina a longo prazo em ratos cirróticos The long term use of quercetin in cirrhotic rats

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    OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso a longo prazo do flavonóide quercetina em ratos cirróticos por ligadura de ducto biliar comum (LDB). MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 32 ratos machos Wistar, sendo submetidos à LDB ou simulação, e distribuídos em 4 grupos: 1) controle, 2) cirróticos, 3) cirróticos tratados com quercetina 50mg/kg, intraperitonealmente, desde o segundo dia após o procedimento cirúrgico; e 4) cirróticos tratados após o décimo quarto dia do procedimento cirúrgico. Analisou-se a função hepática por meio de testes bioquímicos (BT e BD) e atividade enzimática (ALT, AST, FA e GGT). Na análise anatomopatológica, utilizou-se a coloração de Hematoxilina & Eosina (H&E) e de Picrosírius para fibrose. A análise estatística para avaliação de sobrevivência foi realizada pelo teste Kaplan-Meier. RESULTADOS: Os resultados de sobrevivência dos oito animais de cada grupo foram: Grupo 1 = 200 dias de sobrevivência; Grupo 2 = 46 dias; Grupo 3 = 71 dias; e o Grupo 4 = 90 dias. Nos animais com ligadura de ducto biliar comum houve aumento das provas de função hepática e enzimáticas que se reduziu hipoteticamente com o tratamento com quercetina. Foram identificadas cirrose, congestão vascular porta e centrolobular na análise histopatológica por H&E e Picrosírius. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da quercetina diminuiu de maneira significante as alterações bioquímicas provocadas pela cirrose, aumentando o tempo de sobrevivência dos animais com cirrose biliar secundária à LDB, como verificado pelo teste de análise de sobrevivência.<br>PURPOSE: The long term use of quercetin flavonoid was evaluated in cirrhotic rats by common biliary duct bondage (LDB). METHODS: 32 male Wistar rats were submitted to LDB or simulation, and distributed in 4 groups: 1) control, 2) cirrhotic, 3) cirrhotic treated with quercetin the second day after the surgical procedure; and 4) cirrhotic treated with quercetin after the fourteenth day of the surgical procedure. The hepatic function was analyzed through biochemical tests (TB and DB) and enzymatic activity (ALT, AST, AP and GGT). In the anatomopatological analysis, Hematoxilin & Eosin (H&E) coloration, and Picrosirius (for fibrosis) were used.The statistical analysis for survival evaluation was accomplished by the Kaplan-Meier test. RESULTS: The results of survival of the eight animals of each group were: Group 1 = 200 days of survival; Group 2 = 46 days; Group 3 = 71 days; and the Group 4 = 90 days. In the animals with bondage of common biliary duct, there was an increase of the hepatic and anzymatic function tests, which was reduced with the treatment with quercetin. Cirrhosis, portal and centrolobular vascular congestion, were identified in the histopatological analysis with H&E and Picrosirius. CONCLUSION: The use of quercetin decreased significantly the biochemical alterations caused by cirrhosis, increasing the time of survival of the animals with secondary biliary cirrhosis due to LDB

    Uso de quercetina a longo prazo em ratos cirróticos

    No full text
    OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso a longo prazo do flavonóide quercetina em ratos cirróticos por ligadura de ducto biliar comum (LDB). MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 32 ratos machos Wistar, sendo submetidos à LDB ou simulação, e distribuídos em 4 grupos: 1) controle, 2) cirróticos, 3) cirróticos tratados com quercetina 50mg/kg, intraperitonealmente, desde o segundo dia após o procedimento cirúrgico; e 4) cirróticos tratados após o décimo quarto dia do procedimento cirúrgico. Analisou-se a função hepática por meio de testes bioquímicos (BT e BD) e atividade enzimática (ALT, AST, FA e GGT). Na análise anatomopatológica, utilizou-se a coloração de Hematoxilina & Eosina (H&E) e de Picrosírius para fibrose. A análise estatística para avaliação de sobrevivência foi realizada pelo teste Kaplan-Meier. RESULTADOS: Os resultados de sobrevivência dos oito animais de cada grupo foram: Grupo 1 = 200 dias de sobrevivência; Grupo 2 = 46 dias; Grupo 3 = 71 dias; e o Grupo 4 = 90 dias. Nos animais com ligadura de ducto biliar comum houve aumento das provas de função hepática e enzimáticas que se reduziu hipoteticamente com o tratamento com quercetina. Foram identificadas cirrose, congestão vascular porta e centrolobular na análise histopatológica por H&E e Picrosírius. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da quercetina diminuiu de maneira significante as alterações bioquímicas provocadas pela cirrose, aumentando o tempo de sobrevivência dos animais com cirrose biliar secundária à LDB, como verificado pelo teste de análise de sobrevivência

    Impact of creatinine values on MELD scores in male and female candidates for liver transplantation

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    Introduction. A systematic bias against women, resulting from the use of creatinine as a measure of renal function, has been identified in Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD)-based liver allocation. Correction of this bias by calculation of female creatinine levels using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula has been suggested.Material and methods. A cohort of 639 cirrhotic candidates for first-time liver transplantation was studied. Creatinine levels were corrected for gender using the MDRD formula. The accuracy of MELD, with or without creatinine correction, to predict 3- and 6-month mortality after inclusion in a transplant waiting list was estimated.Results. Women exhibited significantly lower creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate, and MELD scores than men. After creatinine correction, female MELD scores had a mean increase of 1.1 points. Creatinine correction yielded an increase of 3 points in the MELD score in 15.2% of patients, 2 points in 22.4%, and 1 point in 17.6% of patients. The likelihood of death at 3 and 6 months after enrollment in the transplant waiting list was similar in males and females and the likelihood of receiving a transplant, as assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves, was also similar in males and females.Conclusion. The survival or the likelihood of receiving a transplant while on the waiting list were similar in men and women in both pre- and post-MELD eras and creatinine correction did not increase the accuracy of the MELD score in estimating 3- and 6-month mortality in female candidates for liver transplantation
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