The effects of antioxidant dietary supplements on oxidative stress and its implications in Metabolic Syndrome: a review

The aim was to perform a review in order to elucidate the actions and efficacy of different antioxidant supplements used on Metabolic Syndrome. The articles were searched during October of 2015 to December of 2018, using the databases PubMed and Web of Knowledge. The keywords used were: “Metabolic Syndrome” AND “dietary supplements” OR “antioxidant”. The included articles were published from 2010 and in English. It was applied for articles selection inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles that fulfilled criteria were analyzed through a full-text reading. Search results in 368 articles (PubMed: 198; Web of Knowledge: 170). After eliminating duplicated data and applying criteria, 16 articles were included to the review. The antioxidant supplements used on the studies included eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), nigella sativa (NS) and garlic, superoxide dismutase (SOD), cholecalciferol, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), quercetin dehydrate, glycine, α-lipoic acid (ALA), glutathione precursor (F1), taurine, phenolic acids, red yeast rice-olive extract, curcumin, goji berry and arginine. Findings demonstrate a decrease in oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, G6DH, Nrf2 with a consequently positive effect on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, improvement in lipid profile, decrease on inflammatory and endothelium dysfunction markers with antioxidant supplements. Therefore, we could conclude that supplementation with antioxidant potential is able to ameliorate parameters of Metabolic Syndrome

Testosterone replacement maintains smooth muscle content in the corpus cavernosum of orchiectomized rats

International audienceObjective:To evaluate the effects of testosterone (T) on the maintenance of corpus cavernosum (CC) structure and apoptosis.Methods:Animals were divided into three groups: sham operation group (n = 8) underwent sham operation; Orchiectomized (Orchiec)+ oily vehicle group (n = 8) underwent bilateral orchiectomy and received a single dose of oily vehicle by intramuscular injection (i.m.) 30 days after orchiectomy; and Orchiec + T group (n = 8) underwent bilateral orchiectomy and received a single dose of T undecanoate 100 mg/kg i.m. 30 days after the surgery. Animals were euthanized 60 days after the beginning of the experiment with an anesthetic overdose of ketamine and xylazine. Blood samples and penile tissue were collected on euthanasia. Azan's trichrome staining was used to evaluate smooth muscle, Weigert's Fucsin-Resorcin staining was used to evaluate elastic fibers and Picrosirius red staining was used to evaluate collagen. Apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL technique.Results:T levels decreased in Orchiec + oily vehicle when compared to sham operation and Orchiec + T groups (p < 0.001). T deprivation reduced trabecular smooth muscle content and penile diameter and T replacement maintained both parameters (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively). No difference was observed in the content of sinusoidal space (p = 0.207), elastic fibers (p = 0.849), collagen (p = 0.216) and in apoptosis (p = 0.095).Conclusion:Normal testosterone levels maintain CC smooth muscle content and do not influence elastic fibers, collagen content and apoptotic index. Further studies should be performed in order to investigate the mechanisms by which androgen mediates its effects on CC structure

Gerenciamento e compatibilização de projetos simples aplicada em Autocad / Management and compatibility of simple projects applied in Autocad

A compatibilização de projetos é uma ação de aperfeiçoamento e planejamento, buscando interferências entre os mais diversos layouts e projetos para a solução de problemas ou incompatibilidades encontradas. Fazendo uso de uma ferramenta simples, o AutoCAD, projetos, orçamentos e relatos dos profissionais envolvidos, auxiliaram a compatibilizar o que hoje é a Casa de Cultura de Dr. Maurício Cardoso, prevenindo uma soma de gastos não previstos. Comparando o investimento em compatibilização com o montante gasto, conclui-se a compatibilização de projetos seria uma alternativa e geradora de significativa economia a partir do projeto inicial

Nuclear abnormalities in cells from nasal epithelium: a promising assay to evaluate DNA damage related to air pollution in infants

OBJECTIVES: This study intends to provide a quick, easy, and inexpensive way to assess nuclear abnormalities such as micronuclei and bud frequencies; binucleated, karyorrhectic, karyolytic, pycnotic, and condensed chromatin cells in nasal scrapings of infants, which are particularly important for conducting genotoxic studies related to the inhaled atmosphere in pediatric populations. METHODS: Nasal swab samples were collected from 40 infants under 12 months of age using a small cytobrush. 2,000 cells from each infant sample were analyzed and classified according to the frequency of nuclear abnormalities. RESULTS: Rates of nuclear abnormalities found agree with values reported in other studies of neonates and children. This study found 0.13% of cells with micronuclei; 1.20% karyorrhexis; 0.03% pyknosis; 10.85% karyolysis; 1.11% condensed chromatin; 0.54 binucleated cells; and 0.02% nuclear bud. Differences were not observed between genders or environmental passive smoking, nor was any age correlation found. CONCLUSION: The assay proposed here is suitable for assessing the frequency of nuclear abnormalities from nasal cells in infants

Análise das alterações histopatológicas dos fígado de ratos pré-tratados com alopurinol e submetidos à isquemia: reperfusão hepática

OBJETIVO: As espécies ativas de oxigênio (EAO), originadas pela ação da enzima xantina-oxidase, têm importância na fisiopatologia da síndrome isquêmica-reperfusional. Foi nosso objetivo verificar o possível efeito citoprotetor do alopurinol (inibidor da xantina-oxidase) sobre as alterações histológicas decorrentes da isquemia-reperfusão hepática. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 60 ratos Wistar assim divididos: grupo 1(n=20): pré-tratado com alopurinol e submetido à laparotomia e à exposição do pedículo hepático por 45 min.; grupo 2 (n=20): tratado com alopurinol e submetido à isquemia hepática seletiva por 45 min.; e grupo 3 (n=20): submetido apenas à isquemia por 45 min. A cada 24 horas, durante quatro dias, cinco animais de cada grupo foram submetidos a hepatectomias parciais para estudo histopatológico. RESULTADOS: Na análise das 24h, houve aumento significativo da congestão vascular e da necrose nos grupos de animais submetidos à isquemia (2 e 3) quando comparados aos do grupo controle (grupo 1) (p<0,05). Na análise das 48h, os resultados se repetiram em relação à necrose hepática. Não se observaram diferenças significativas nos tempos de 72 e 96h. Além disso, no período das 24h, verificou-se uma diminuição significativa da necrose nos animais submetidos à isquemia e pré-tratados com alopurinol quando comparados ao grupo não tratado. CONCLUSÕES: A isquemia transitória normotérmica hepática causa significativas alterações histopatológicas nos fígados de ratos. Em nosso estudo, o alopurinol exerceu efeito benéfico em relação à necrose hepatocitária, o que reforça o envolvimento da enzima xantina oxidase no dano decorrente da isquemia-reperfusão hepática