Biochemical characterization of a SusD-like protein involved in glucooligosaccharide utilization by a cow rumen uncultured Bacteroidales

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Using Glucan Water Dikinase for in vitro glucan phosphorylation

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A Soluble Fucose-Specific Lectin from Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia - Structure, Specificity and Possible Role in Fungal Pathogenicity

Aspergillus fumigatus is an important allergen and opportunistic pathogen. Similarly to many other pathogens, it is able to produce lectins that may be involved in the host-pathogen interaction. We focused on the lectin AFL, which was prepared in recombinant form and characterized. Its binding properties were studied using hemagglutination and glycan array analysis. We determined the specificity of the lectin towards l-fucose and fucosylated oligosaccharides, including α1-6 linked core-fucose, which is an important marker for cancerogenesis. Other biologically relevant saccharides such as sialic acid, d-mannose or d-galactose were not bound. Blood group epitopes of the ABH and Lewis systems were recognized, Le(Y) being the preferred ligand among others. To provide a correlation between the observed functional characteristics and structural basis, AFL was crystallized in a complex with methyl-α,L-selenofucoside and its structure was solved using the SAD method. Six binding sites, each with different compositions, were identified per monomer and significant differences from the homologous AAL lectin were found. Structure-derived peptides were utilized to prepare anti-AFL polyclonal antibodies, which suggested the presence of AFL on the Aspergillus' conidia, confirming its expression in vivo. Stimulation of human bronchial cells by AFL led to IL-8 production in a dose-dependent manner. AFL thus probably contributes to the inflammatory response observed upon the exposure of a patient to A. fumigatus. The combination of affinity to human epithelial epitopes, production by conidia and pro-inflammatory activity is remarkable and shows that AFL might be an important virulence factor involved in an early stage of A. fumigatus infection

Burkholderia cenocepacia BC2L-C Is a Super Lectin with Dual Specificity and Proinflammatory Activity

Lectins and adhesins are involved in bacterial adhesion to host tissues and mucus during early steps of infection. We report the characterization of BC2L-C, a soluble lectin from the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia, which has two distinct domains with unique specificities and biological activities. The N-terminal domain is a novel TNF-α-like fucose-binding lectin, while the C-terminal part is similar to a superfamily of calcium-dependent bacterial lectins. The C-terminal domain displays specificity for mannose and l-glycero-d-manno-heptose. BC2L-C is therefore a superlectin that binds independently to mannose/heptose glycoconjugates and fucosylated human histo-blood group epitopes. The apo form of the C-terminal domain crystallized as a dimer, and calcium and mannose could be docked in the binding site. The whole lectin is hexameric and the overall structure, determined by electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering, reveals a flexible arrangement of three mannose/heptose-specific dimers flanked by two fucose-specific TNF-α-like trimers. We propose that BC2L-C binds to the bacterial surface in a mannose/heptose-dependent manner via the C-terminal domain. The TNF-α-like domain triggers IL-8 production in cultured airway epithelial cells in a carbohydrate-independent manner, and is therefore proposed to play a role in the dysregulated proinflammatory response observed in B. cenocepacia lung infections. The unique architecture of this newly recognized superlectin correlates with multiple functions including bacterial cell cross-linking, adhesion to human epithelia, and stimulation of inflammation

ETUDE STRUCTURE-FONCTION DE GLYCOCONJUGUES ET DE LECTINES BACTERIENNES ET FONGIQUES

Structural glycobiology is the branch of biology that study the structure and interaction of glycomolecules that play key roles in all living systems The first part of this thesis deals with the 3D structure of two glycoconjugates, the tricolorin A and an O-glycan from Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, with the use of x-ray crystallography and molecular modelling. The second part is focused on the interaction of carbohydrates with their molecular receptors: lectins. Lectins are an important class of proteins with the ability to “read” the biological information encoded in the 3D structure of carbohydrates. Macromolecular crystallography in combination with biophysical techniques, mainly isothermal titration calorimetry, has been used to dissect the structural basis and the energetics of lectin-sugar recognition. Two bacterial lectins have been studied which are believed to play important roles in the infection of the opportunistic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum. Attention was also focussed on the new family of mushroom lectins and the crystal structure of the lectin from Psathyrella velutina was determinedLa glycobiologie structurale est la branche de la biologie qui étudie la structure et les interactions de glucides, molécules jouant des rôles d'extrême importance dans tous les organismes. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la structure 3D de deux glycoconjugués, la tricolorine A et un O-glycanne de la protéine de Tamm-Horsfall, en utilisant les méthodes de cristallographie et de modélisation moléculaire. Le sujet développé dans la deuxième partie est centré sur l'interaction de glucides avec leurs récepteurs protéiques, les lectines. Les lectines sont une importante classe de protéines avec la capacité de “lire” l'information biologique qui est codifiée dans la structure 3D des sucres. La cristallographie macromoléculaire en combinaison avec des techniques de biophysique, telles que la microcalorimétrie de titration, ont été utilisées pour élucider les bases structurales et thermodynamiques de la reconnaissance lectine-sucre. Deux lectines, produites par les bactéries pathogènes opportunistes Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Chromobacterium violaceum et ayant un rôle dans l'infectivité, ont été étudiées. La structure tridimensionnelle de la lectine de Psathyrella velutina, le premier membre d'un nouvelle famille des lectines de champignon a également été résolue

ETUDE STRUCTURE-FONCTION DE GLYCOCONJUGUES ET DE LECTINES BACTERIENNES ET FONGIQUES

Structural glycobiology is the branch of biology that study the structure and interaction of glycomolecules that play key roles in all living systems The first part of this thesis deals with the 3D structure of two glycoconjugates, the tricolorin A and an O-glycan from Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, with the use of x-ray crystallography and molecular modelling. The second part is focused on the interaction of carbohydrates with their molecular receptors: lectins. Lectins are an important class of proteins with the ability to “read” the biological information encoded in the 3D structure of carbohydrates. Macromolecular crystallography in combination with biophysical techniques, mainly isothermal titration calorimetry, has been used to dissect the structural basis and the energetics of lectin-sugar recognition. Two bacterial lectins have been studied which are believed to play important roles in the infection of the opportunistic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum. Attention was also focussed on the new family of mushroom lectins and the crystal structure of the lectin from Psathyrella velutina was determinedLa glycobiologie structurale est la branche de la biologie qui étudie la structure et les interactions de glucides, molécules jouant des rôles d'extrême importance dans tous les organismes. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la structure 3D de deux glycoconjugués, la tricolorine A et un O-glycanne de la protéine de Tamm-Horsfall, en utilisant les méthodes de cristallographie et de modélisation moléculaire. Le sujet développé dans la deuxième partie est centré sur l'interaction de glucides avec leurs récepteurs protéiques, les lectines. Les lectines sont une importante classe de protéines avec la capacité de “lire” l'information biologique qui est codifiée dans la structure 3D des sucres. La cristallographie macromoléculaire en combinaison avec des techniques de biophysique, telles que la microcalorimétrie de titration, ont été utilisées pour élucider les bases structurales et thermodynamiques de la reconnaissance lectine-sucre. Deux lectines, produites par les bactéries pathogènes opportunistes Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Chromobacterium violaceum et ayant un rôle dans l'infectivité, ont été étudiées. La structure tridimensionnelle de la lectine de Psathyrella velutina, le premier membre d'un nouvelle famille des lectines de champignon a également été résolue

Etude structure-fonction de glycoconjugues et de lectines bactériennes et fongiques

La glycobiologie structurale est la branche de la biologie qui étudie la structure et les interactions de glucides, molécules jouant des rôles d'extrême importance dans tous les organismes. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la structure 3D de deux glycoconjugués, la tricolorine A et un O-glycanne de la protéine de Tamm-Horsfall, en utilisant les méthodes de cristallographie et de mod~isation moléculaire. Le sujet développé dans la deuxième partie est centré sur l'interaction de glucides avec leurs récepteurs protéiques, les lectines. Les lectines sont une importanl classe de protéines avec la capacité de "lire" l'information biologique qui est codifiée dans la structure 3D des sucres. La cristallographie macromoléculaire en combinaison avec des techniques de biophysique, telles que la microcalorimétrie de titration, ont été utilisées pour élucider les bases structurales et thermodynamiques de la reconnaissance lectine-sucre. Deux lectines, produites par les bactéries pathogènes opportunistes Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Chromobacterium violaceum et ayant un rôle dans l'infectivité, ont été étudiées. La structure tridimensionnelle de la lectiu de Psathyrella velutina, le premier membre d'un nouvelle famille des lectines de champignon a également été résolue.Structural glycobiology is the branch of biology that study the structure and interaction of glycomolecules that play key roles in ail living systems The first part of this thesis deals with the 3D structure of two glycoconjugates, the tricolorin A and an O-glycan from Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, with the use of x-ray crystallography and molecular modelling. The second part is focused on the interaction of carbohydrates with their molecular receptors: lectins. Lectins are an important class of proteins with the ability to "read" the biological information encoded in the 3D structure of carbohydrates. Macromolecular crystallography in combination with biophysical techniques, mainly isothermal titration calorimetry, has been used to dissect the structural basis and the energetics of lectin-sugar recognition. Two bacteriallectins have been studied which are believed to play important roles in the infection of the opportunistic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum. Attention was also focussed on the new family of mushroom lectins and the crystal structure of the lectin from Psathyrella velutina was determined.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Structural bases for N-glycan processing by mannoside phosphorylase

The first crystal structure of Uhgb_MP, a β-1,4-mannopyranosyl-chitobiose phosphorylase belonging to the GH130 family which is involved in N-glycan degradation by human gut bacteria, was solved at 1.85 Å resolution in the apo form and in complex with mannose and N-acetylglucosamine. SAXS and crystal structure analysis revealed a hexameric structure, a specific feature of GH130 enzymes among other glycoside phosphorylases. Mapping of the -1 and +1 subsites in the presence of phosphate confirmed the conserved Asp104 as the general acid/base catalytic residue, which is in agreement with a single-step reaction mechanism involving Man O3 assistance for proton transfer. Analysis of this structure, the first to be solved for a member of the GH130_2 subfamily, revealed Met67, Phe203 and the Gly121-Pro125 loop as the main determinants of the specificity of Uhgb_MP and its homologues towards the N-glycan core oligosaccharides and mannan, and the molecular bases of the key role played by GH130 enzymes in the catabolism of dietary fibre and host glycans

Bacterial α-Glucan and Branching Sucrases from GH70 Family: Discovery, Structure–Function Relationship Studies and Engineering

International audienceGlucansucrases and branching sucrases are classified in the family 70 of glycoside hydrolases. They are produced by lactic acid bacteria occupying very diverse ecological niches (soil, buccal cavity, sourdough, intestine, dairy products, etc.). Usually secreted by their producer organisms, they are involved in the synthesis of α-glucans from sucrose substrate. They contribute to cell protection while promoting adhesion and colonization of different biotopes. Dextran, an α-1,6 linked linear α-glucan, was the first microbial polysaccharide commercialized for medical applications. Advances in the discovery and characterization of these enzymes have remarkably enriched the available diversity with new catalysts. Research into their molecular mechanisms has highlighted important features governing their peculiarities thus opening up many opportunities for engineering these catalysts to provide new routes for the transformation of sucrose into value-added molecules. This article reviews these different aspects with the ambition to show how they constitute the basis for promising future developments

Structural bases for N-glycan processing by mannoside phosphorylase

The first crystal structure of Uhgb_MP, a β-1,4-mannopyranosyl-chitobiose phosphorylase belonging to the GH130 family which is involved in N-glycan degradation by human gut bacteria, was solved at 1.85 Å resolution in the apo form and in complex with mannose and N-acetylglucosamine. SAXS and crystal structure analysis revealed a hexameric structure, a specific feature of GH130 enzymes among other glycoside phosphorylases. Mapping of the -1 and +1 subsites in the presence of phosphate confirmed the conserved Asp104 as the general acid/base catalytic residue, which is in agreement with a single-step reaction mechanism involving Man O3 assistance for proton transfer. Analysis of this structure, the first to be solved for a member of the GH130_2 subfamily, revealed Met67, Phe203 and the Gly121-Pro125 loop as the main determinants of the specificity of Uhgb_MP and its homologues towards the N-glycan core oligosaccharides and mannan, and the molecular bases of the key role played by GH130 enzymes in the catabolism of dietary fibre and host glycans