Effect of Compatibilisers on Mechanical, Barrier and Antimicrobial Properties of iPP/ZnO Nano/Microcomposites for Food Packaging Application

It is investigated the effects of the addition of three PPgMA, with different molecular weight and maleic anhydride content, on the structure, morphology, mechanical, thermal and antimicrobial properties and oxygen permeability of iPP/ZnO 98/2 wt% composite. The composition of iPP/PPgMA/ZnO composites is fixed at 88/10/2 wt%, that is, about 10 wt% of iPP is substituted with PPgMA. The composites are prepared via melt mixing by using a twin-screw extruder. The ZnO is obtained in a preindustrial scale spray pyrolysis platform. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy indicates that the ZnO particles, in all the ternary composites, react with maleic anhydride groups of PPgMA. From the analyses of the mechanical properties, permeability to oxygen and antibacterial activity agaist E.Coli, it is concluded that the best compatibiliser among the three is PPgMA with 1.4% of MA and Mw 65,000, but the antibacterial activity is much lower than that of the binary iPP/ZnO 98/2 wt%. Moreover, it is found that the antibacterial activity is more efficient for the film that presents clusters of the ZnO particles on the surface than the film with ZnO particles smaller and better distributed on the film surface, and embedded in it

Health-Promoting Properties of Natural Flavonol Glycosides Isolated from <i>Staphylea pinnata</i> L.

Staphylea, also called bladdernuts, is a genus of plants belonging to the family Staphyleaceae, widespread in tropical or temperate climates of America, Europe, and the Far East. Staphylea spp. produce bioactive metabolites with antioxidant properties, including polyphenols which have not been completely investigated for their phytotherapeutic potential, even though they have a long history of use for food. Here, we report the isolation of six flavonol glycosides from the hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Staphylea pinnata L., collected in Italy, using a solid-phase extraction technique. They were identified using spectroscopic, spectrometric, and optical methods as three quercetin and three isorhamnetin glycosides. Among the flavonol glycosides isolated, isoquercetin and quercetin malonyl glucoside showed powerful antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound healing promoting activity and thus are valuable as antiaging ingredients for cosmeceutical applications and for therapeutic applications in skin wound repair

Tissue transglutaminase activation modulates inflammation in cystic fibrosis via PPAR? down-regulation

Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common life-threatening inherited disease in Caucasians, is due to mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and is characterized by airways chronic inflammation and pulmonary infections. The inflammatory response is not secondary to the pulmonary infections. Indeed, several studies have shown an increased proinflammatory activity in the CF tissues, regardless of bacterial infections, because inflammation is similarly observed in CFTR-defective cell lines kept in sterile conditions. Despite recent studies that have indicated that CF airway epithelial cells can spontaneously initiate the inflammatory cascade, we still do not have a clear insight of the molecular mechanisms involved in this increased inflammatory response. In this study, to understand these mechanisms, we investigated ex vivo cultures of nasal polyp mucosal explants of CF patients and controls, CFTR-defective IB3-1 bronchial epithelial cells, C38 isogenic CFTR corrected, and 16HBE normal bronchial epithelial cell lines. We have shown that a defective CFTR induces a remarkable up-regulation of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) in both tissues and cell lines. The increased TG2 activity leads to functional sequestration of the anti-inflammatory peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and increase of the classic parameters of inflammation, such as TNF-, tyrosine phosphorylation, and MAPKs. Specific inhibition of TG2 was able to reinstate normal levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- and dampen down inflammation both in CF tissues and CFTR-defective cells. Our results highlight an unpredicted central role of TG2 in the mechanistic pathway of CF inflammation, also opening a possible new wave of therapies for sufferers of chronic inflammatory diseases

CARdioimaging in Lung Cancer PatiEnts Undergoing Radical RadioTherapy: CARE-RT Trial

Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common, steady growing lung tumour that is often discovered when a surgical approach is forbidden. For locally advanced inoperable NSCLC, the clinical approach consists of a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, eventually followed by adjuvant immunotherapy, a treatment that is useful but may cause several mild and severe adverse effect. Chest radiotherapy, specifically, may affect the heart and coronary artery, impairing heart function and causing pathologic changes in myocardial tissues. The aim of this study is to evaluate the damage coming from these therapies with the aid of cardiac imaging. Methods: This is a single-centre, prospective clinical trial. Patients with NSCLC who are enrolled will undergo computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before chemotherapy 3 months, 6 months, and 9-12 months after the treatment. We expect to enrol 30 patients in 2 years. Conclusions: Our clinical trial will be an opportunity not only to highlight the timing and the radiation dose needed for pathological cardiac tissue changes to happen but will also provide useful data to set new follow-up schedules and strategies, keeping in mind that, more often than not, patients affected by NSCLC may present other heart- and lung-related pathological conditions

Role of Cardiac Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Treatment-induced cardiac toxicity represents an important issue in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and no biomarkers are currently available in clinical practice. A novel and easy-to-calculate marker is the quantitative analysis of calcium plaque in the coronary, calculated on CT. It is called the Agatston score (or CAD score). At the same time, other potential predictors include cardiac ultrasonography and anamnesis of the patients. Our work aimed to correlate cardiac biomarkers with overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients. We retrospectively analyzed patients with NSCLC discussed in the Multidisciplinary Tumor Board of our Institute for the present analysis between January 2018 and July 2022. Inclusion criteria were the availability of basal CT imaging of the thorax, cardiac ultrasonography with the calculation of ejection fraction (EF), and complete anamnesis, including assessment of co-pathologies and pharmacological drugs. The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively collected, and the CAD scores was calculated on a CT scan. All of these parameters were correlated with overall survival (OS) with univariate analysis (Kaplan–Meier analysis) and multivariate analysis (Cox regression analysis). Following the above-mentioned inclusion criteria, 173 patients were included in the present analysis. Of those, 120 patients died in the follow-up period (69.6%), and the median overall survival (OS) was 28 months (mean 47.2 months, 95% CI, 36–57 months). In univariate analysis, several parameters that significantly correlated with lower OS were the stage (p p p: 0.034), use of beta blocker drugs (p: 0.036), and cardiac ejection fraction (p: 0.005). In multivariate analysis, the only parameters that remained significant were as follows: CAD score (p: 0.014, OR 1.56, 95% CI: 1.04–1.83), stage (p: 0.016, OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05–1.53), and cardiac ejection fraction (p: 0.011, OR 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25–0.84). Both CAD score and ejection fraction are correlated with survival in NSCLC patients at all stages of the disease. Independently from the treatment choice, a cardiological evaluation is mandatory for patients with NSCLC

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Preparation and characterization of isotactic polypropylene​/zinc oxide microcomposites with antibacterial activity

In this study, we investigated the influence of ZnO particles obtained by spray pyrolysis with submicron dimensions on the structure, morphology, thermal stability, photodegradation stability, mechanical and antibacterial properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/ZnO composites prepared by melt mixing. The results of the morphological analyses indicate that, despite the surface polarity mismatch between iPP and ZnO, the extrusion process and the unique characteristics of the utilized particles allow a composite with a fair distribution of particles to be obtained, although some agglomeration phenomena can occur, which primarily depends on the composition of the composite. The addition of ZnO particles imparts significant improvements on the photodegradation resistance of iPP to ultraviolet irradiation, which confirms that ZnO particles act as screens for this type of radiation. The thermal stability of the iPP/ZnO composites is improved with respect to that of neat iPP and increases with the content of ZnO. The iPP/ZnO composites exhibit significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. This activity is dependent on exposure time and composition