Bis maltolato oxovanadium (BMOV) and ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in rats

The aim of the present study was to test the potential protective effects of the organic vanadium salt bis (maltolato) oxovanadium (BMOV; 15 mg/kg) in the context of renal ischemia/reperfusion (30 min of ischemia) and its effects on renal oxygenation and renal function in the acute phase of reperfusion (up to 90 min post-ischemia). Ischemia was established in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated male Wistar rats by renal artery clamping. Renal microvascular and venous oxygenation were measured using phosphorimetry. Creatinine clearance rate, sodium reabsorption, and renal oxygen handling efficiency were considered markers for renal function. The main findings were that BMOV did not affect the systemic and renal hemodynamic and oxygenation variables and partially protected renal sodium reabsorption. Pretreatment with the organic vanadium compound BMOV did not protect the kidney from I/R injur

Diyabetik albino Balb/ c farelerdea aminoguanidinin böbrek üzerindeki etkisi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, uyarılabilir nitrik oksit sentaz (iNOS) aktivasyonunun ve nitrik oksidin streptozotos in (STZ) ile uyarılmış diyabetik farelerde böbrek dokusunu nasıl etkilediğini ve etkisinin spesifik bir iNOS inhibitörü olan a minoguanidin (AG) ile önlenip önlenemediğini öğrenmektir. Yirmi dört erkek fare, 90 gün boyunca günlük 100 mg. kg - 1 AG (AG Grubu), tek doz 150 mg. kg- 1 STZ (STZ Grubu),tek doz 150 mg. kg - 1 STZyi takiben 90 gün boyunca günlük 100 mg. kg - 1 AG (STZ - AG Grubu) ve sadece intraperitonal fizyolojik tuzlu su (Kontrol Grubu) alan dört gruba ayrılmıştır. NADPH - diaforez (NADPH -d) dağılımı, STZ uygulanmış hayvanların böbrek kesitlerinde kontrolle karşılaştırıldığında daha fazlaydı. STZ uygulaması proksimal tübüllerde fırç a kenarların devamlılığının bozulmasına, glomerulus endotelinde hasara ve juks taglomerular hücrelerde renin granüllerinin daha fazla olmasına yol açmıştır . STZ uygulamasını takiben verilen AG, böbrek korteksindeki histolojik ve sitolojik değişiklikleri kıs men önlemiştir ve renin dağılımı kontrol hayvanlardakine benzer şekilde olmuştur. Uyarılabilir nitrik oksit (iNO) artışıyla böbrekte meydana gelen bozulmanın AG uygulamasıyla kısmen önlenebildiği bulunmuştur. Diyabette, artan iNOS ile jukstaglomerular hücr elerde reningranülleri dağılımı arasında olası bir ilişki vardırThe aim of this study is to find out how activated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) affect kidney tissue in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and whether its influence can be prevented by aminoguanidine (AG), a specific iNOS inhibitor. Twenty-four male mice were divided into four study groups (n=6) receiving a daily dose of 100 mg.kg-1 AG for 90 days (Group AG), a single dose of 150 mg.kg-1 STZ (Group STZ), a single dose of 150 mg.kg-1 STZ followed by daily administration of 100 mg.kg-1 AG for 90 days (Group STZ-AG), and intraperitoneally injections of saline only (Group Control) for 90 days. Dispersion of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) was stronger in the kidney sections of STZ-treated animals compared with the controls. STZ treatment caused disruption of continuity of the brush borders in proximal tubules, glomerular endothelial damage, and considerable renin granules in the juxtaglomerular cells. AG administration following STZ treatment partly prevented histological and cytological changes in kidney cortex, and renin dispersion was similar to that in control animals. We found that increased inducible nitric oxide (iNO) caused kidney tissue degeneration that could be prevented to some extent by AG treatment. There is a possible relationship between increased iNOS and dispersion of renin granules in juxtaglomerular cells in diabetes

Evaluation of Consumer Complaints in Five-Star Hotels: The Case of Eskisehir

Complaints arise when a company does not satisfy the expectations of consumers who buy its products or services. From a consumer’s perspective, complaining is a negative act. It is thus very important for enterprises to solve problems derived from CC. Based on these premises this study aims to assess complaints and complaint-associated behaviors of consumers who visited Eskişehir. This study is descriptive, and the questionnaire used for data collection is adapted from the questionnaire developed by Kılıç & Ok (2013) in their study “Consumer Complaints & Evaluation of Complaints in Hotels”. The research population is sampled from tourists staying at five-star hotels in Eskişehir. Data collection is based on convenience sampling. It is found that tourists who stayed at Eskişehir are mostly complaining about low service quality and lack of hygiene and sanitation.Complaints arise when a company does not satisfy the expectations of consumers who buy its products or services. From a consumer’s perspective, complaining is a negative act. It is thus very important for enterprises to solve problems derived from CC. Based on these premises this study aims to assess complaints and complaint-associated behaviors of consumers who visited Eskişehir. This study is descriptive, and the questionnaire used for data collection is adapted from the questionnaire developed by Kılıç & Ok (2013) in their study “Consumer Complaints & Evaluation of Complaints in Hotels”. The research population is sampled from tourists staying at five-star hotels in Eskişehir. Data collection is based on convenience sampling. It is found that tourists who stayed at Eskişehir are mostly complaining about low service quality and lack of hygiene and sanitation

The effect of injection parameters on fuel consumption and emissions in a pfi small spark ignition engine

The fastening of emission standards and the desire to lower fuel consumption decide the direction of research on internal combustion engines. Mixture formation affects fuel consumption and harmful emissions. One of the common problems in spark-ignition engines with liquid fuels is the evaporation of fuel for mixing with air because of fuel stored in liquid form. The intake valve is hot in port fuel injection engines. The fuel is directed to the hot surface of the intake valve so it evaporates. The injection pressure, injection time, injection angle and the number of injections in one cycle affect mixture formation [1–7]

Coğrafik Konuma Özel Tasarım Spektrumlarının Betonarme Yapı Performansına Etkisi

Bir bölgenin depremselliği, yerel zemin koşulları ve yapısal özellikler yapıların deprem etkisi altındakidavranışlarını ve risklerini belirlemede kullanılan önemli parametrelerdir. Yapılar ile ilgili analizlerde o bölgenindepremselliği, spektrum eğrileri ile ifade edilebilmektedir. 2019 yılında yürürlüğe giren Türkiye Bina DepremYönetmeliği ile noktaya özel spektrum eğrileri kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’dekiyedi farklı coğrafik bölgeden birer il seçilerek coğrafik konumun hem deprem parametrelerine hem de yapıperformans hesaplamalarını hangi düzeyde etkilediği ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Ankara, Antalya, Diyarbakır,Erzurum İstanbul, İzmir ve Samsun illeri için 50 yılda aşılma olasılığı %10 (tekrarlanma periyodu 475 yıl) olanve Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği’nde DD-2 olarak belirtilen yer hareket düzeyi ile yerel zemin sınıfı ZEolarak dikkate alınmıştır. Her il için kısa periyot harita spektral ivme katsayısı, en büyük yer ivmesi, en büyük yerhızı, yerel zemin etki katsayıları, tasarım spektral ivme katsayıları ile yatay ve düşey elastik spektrum eğrisi içinhesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Çalışma ile farklı geometrik konumlarda bulunan fakat aynı zemin özellikleri ve yerhareketi olmasına rağmen deprem parametrelerinin değişimi incelenmiştir. Coğrafik konumun yapı performanshesaplamalarına etkisi ortaya koymak adına tüm illerde aynı yapısal özelliklere sahip yedi katlı betonarme bir yapıseçilmiştir. Seçilen örnek betonarme yapı için her il için analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapı analizinde zeminözelliklerinin dikkate alındığı statik adaptif itme analiz kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen tüm sonuç değerlerikarşılaştırılmıştır. Coğrafik konum değişikliği hem deprem parametrelerini hem de yapısal analiz sonuçlarıdoğrudan etkilemektedir. Çalışma, Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliğinin sahaya özel deprem parametrelerinin birkazanım olduğu sonucunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Herhangi bir noktada yerel zemin koşulları ve yapısal özellikler aynıolsa bile bölgenin depremsellik öğelerinin dikkate alınması gerekmektedir

Alterations in Nitric Oxide Activity and Sensitivity in Early Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Depend on Arteriolar Size

Changes in NO activity may play an important role in the early increase in microvascular flow that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. We assessed, in the in situ spinotrapezius muscle preparation of 6 weeks' streptozotocin-diabetic rats (n = 6) and of agematched controls (n = 8), basal inside diameters of A2–A4 arterioles and the reactivity to topically applied acetylcholine and nitroprusside, before and after NG-nitro-L-arginine. In diabetic rats, cholinergic vasodilatation in A2–A4 arterioles was intact. Basal diameter in A3 and A4 arterioles was significantly higher in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The increased basal diameter in A3 arterioles was partially due to an increased contribution of NO to basal diameter. The response to nitroprusside was impaired in streptozotocin-diabetic rats in A2, but not in A3 and A4 arterioles. Thus, this study shows that NO activity and sensitivity are altered after 6 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. These streptozotocin-induced changes are anatomically specific and, for arterioles, depend on their position within the vascular tree

The role of renal hypoperfusion in development of renal microcirculatory dysfunction in endotoxemic rats

To study the role of renal hypoperfusion in development of renal microcirculatory dysfunction in endotoxemic rats. Rats were randomized into four groups: a sham group (n = 6), a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (n = 6), a group in which LPS administration was followed by immediate fluid resuscitation which prevented the drop of renal blood flow (EARLY group) (n = 6), and a group in which LPS administration was followed by delayed (i.e., a 2-h delay) fluid resuscitation (LATE group) (n = 6). Renal blood flow was measured using a transit-time ultrasound flow probe. Microvascular perfusion and oxygenation distributions in the renal cortex were assessed using laser speckle imaging and phosphorimetry, respectively. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured as markers of systemic inflammation. Furthermore, renal tissue samples were stained for leukocyte infiltration and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the kidney. LPS infusion worsened both microvascular perfusion and oxygenation distributions. Fluid resuscitation improved perfusion histograms but not oxygenation histograms. Improvement of microvascular perfusion was more pronounced in the EARLY group compared with the LATE group. Serum cytokine levels decreased in the resuscitated groups, with no difference between the EARLY and LATE groups. However, iNOS expression and leukocyte infiltration in glomeruli were lower in the EARLY group compared with the LATE group. In our model, prevention of endotoxemia-induced systemic hypotension by immediate fluid resuscitation (EARLY group) did not prevent systemic inflammatory activation (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) but did reduce renal inflammation (iNOS expression and glomerular leukocyte infiltration). However, it could not prevent reduced renal microvascular oxygenatio

"Büyüyünce ne olacaksın bakiim yavrucum?..": [öykü]

Adam Öykü -- Temmuz-Ağustos 200